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Plant Physiol, November 1999, Vol. 121, pp. 829-838
The Pore Size of Non-Graminaceous Plant Cell Walls Is Rapidly
Decreased by Borate Ester Cross-Linking of the Pectic Polysaccharide
Rhamnogalacturonan II1
Axel
Fleischer,
Malcolm A.
O'Neill,* and
Rudolf
Ehwald
Institut für Biologie, Humboldt-Universitaet zu Berlin,
Invalidenstr 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany (A.F., R.E.); and The
Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, 220 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602-4712 (M.A.O.)
The walls of suspension-cultured
Chenopodium album L. cells grown continually for more
than 1 year on B-deficient medium contained monomeric
rhamnogalacturonan II (mRG-II) but not the borate ester cross-linked RG
II dimer (dRG-II-B). The walls of these cells had an increased size
limit for dextran permeation, which is a measure of wall pore size.
Adding boric acid to growing B-deficient cells resulted in B binding to
the wall, the formation of dRG-II-B from mRG-II, and a reduction in
wall pore size within 10 min. The wall pore size of denatured B-grown
cells was increased by treatment at pH  2.0 or by treatment with
Ca2+-chelating agents. The acid-mediated increase in wall
pore size was prevented by boric acid alone at pH 2.0 and by boric acid together with Ca2+, but not by Na+ or
Mg2+ ions at pH 1.5. The Ca2+-chelator-mediated
increase in pore size was partially reduced by boric acid. Our results
suggest that B-mediated cross-linking of RG-II in the walls of living
plant cells generates a pectin network with a decreased size exclusion
limit for polymers. The formation, stability, and possible functions of
a borate ester cross-linked pectic network in the primary walls of
nongraminaceous plant cells are discussed.
1
This work was supported by the Deutsche
Forschungsmeinschaft (grant no. 14471-1), by the U.S. Department of
Energy (grant nos. DE-FG02-96ER20220 and DE-FG05-93ER20097), and by
Hercules (Wilmington, DE).
*
Corresponding author; e-mail mao{at}ccrc.uga.edu; fax 706-
542-4412.
© 1999 American Society of Plant Physiologists
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