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Plant Physiol, November 1999, Vol. 121, pp. 947-956
Cloning Two Genes for Nicotianamine Aminotransferase, a Critical
Enzyme in Iron Acquisition (Strategy II) in Graminaceous Plants
Michiko
Takahashi,
Hirotaka
Yamaguchi,
Hiromi
Nakanishi,
Takayuki
Shioiri,
Naoko-Kishi
Nishizawa, and
Satoshi
Mori*
Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan
Science and Technology Corporation, 332-0012 Saitama, Japan (M.T.,
H.Y., S.M.); Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, The University
of Tokyo, 113-8657 Tokyo, Japan (H.N., N.-K.N., S.M.); and
Department of Pharmacology, The University of Nagoya City,
467-0027 Nagoya, Japan (T.S.)
Nicotianamine aminotransferase
(NAAT), the key enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of mugineic acid
family phytosiderophores (MAs), catalyzes the amino transfer of
nicotianamine (NA). MAs are found only in graminaceous plants, although
NA has been detected in every plant so far investigated. Therefore,
this amino transfer reaction is the first step in the unique
biosynthesis of MAs that has evolved in graminaceous plants. NAAT
activity is dramatically induced by Fe deficiency and suppressed by Fe
resupply. Based on the protein sequence of NAAT purified from
Fe-deficient barley (Hordeum vulgare) roots, two
distinct cDNA clones encoding NAAT, naat-A and
naat-B, were identified. Their deduced amino acid
sequences were homologous to several aminotransferases, and shared
consensus sequences for the pyridoxal phosphate-binding site lysine
residue and its surrounding residues. The expression of both
naat-A and naat-B is increased in
Fe-deficient barley roots, while naat-B has a low level
of constitutive expression in Fe-sufficient barley roots. No detectable
mRNA from either naat-A or naat-B was
present in the leaves of either Fe-deficient or Fe-sufficient barley. One genomic clone with a tandem array of naat-B and
naat-A in this order was identified.
naat-B and naat-A each have six introns at the same locations. The isolation of NAAT genes will pave the way to
understanding the mechanism of the response to Fe in graminaceous plants, and may lead to the development of cultivars tolerant to Fe
deficiency that can grow in calcareous soils.
*
Corresponding author; e-mail
asmori{at}mail.ecc.u-tokyo.ac.jp; fax 81-3-5841-8009.
© 1999 American Society of Plant Physiologists
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