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Plant Physiol, January 2000, Vol. 122, pp. 107-116
Altering Expression of Cinnamic Acid 4-Hydroxylase in Transgenic
Plants Provides Evidence for a Feedback Loop at the Entry Point into
the Phenylpropanoid Pathway1
Jack W.
Blount,
Kenneth L.
Korth,2
Sameer A.
Masoud,3
Susanne
Rasmussen,4
Chris
Lamb, and
Richard A.
Dixon*
Plant Biology Division, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, 2510 Sam
Noble Parkway, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73402 (J.W.B., K.L.K., S.A.M., S.R.,
R.A.D.); and Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of
Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JH, Scotland (C.L.).
Pharmacological
evidence implicates trans-cinnamic acid as a feedback modulator of the
expression and enzymatic activity of the first enzyme in the
phenylpropanoid pathway, L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase
(PAL). To test this hypothesis independently of methods that utilize
potentially non-specific inhibitors, we generated transgenic tobacco
lines with altered activity levels of the second enzyme of the pathway,
cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase (C4H), by sense or antisense expression of
an alfalfa C4H cDNA. PAL activity and levels of phenylpropanoid
compounds were reduced in leaves and stems of plants in which C4H
activity had been genetically down-regulated. However, C4H activity was
not reduced in plants in which PAL activity had been down-regulated by
gene silencing. In crosses between a tobacco line over-expressing PAL
from a bean PAL transgene and a C4H antisense line,
progeny populations harboring both the bean PAL sense and C4H antisense
transgenes had significantly lower extractable PAL activity than
progeny populations harboring the PAL transgene alone. Our data provide
genetic evidence for a feedback loop at the entry point into the
phenylpropanoid pathway that had previously been inferred from
potentially artifactual pharmacological experiments.
1
This work was supported by the Samuel Roberts
Noble Foundation.
2
Present address: Department of Plant Pathology,
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701.
3
Present address: Faculty of Agriculture, Mu'tah
University, Karak, Jordan.
4
Present address: Waksman Institute, Rutgers,
State University of New Jersey, 190 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854.
*
Corresponding author; e-mail radixon{at}noble.org; fax 405-221-7380.
© 2000 American Society of Plant Physiologists
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