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Plant Physiol, January 2000, Vol. 122, pp. 205-214
Regulation of Monoterpene Accumulation in Leaves of
Peppermint1
Jonathan
Gershenzon,2
Marie E.
McConkey, and
Rodney B.
Croteau*
Institute of Biological Chemistry, and Department of Biochemistry
and Biophysics, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
99164-6340.
Plants
synthesize numerous classes of natural products that accumulate during
development and are thought to function as constitutive defenses
against herbivores and pathogens. However, little information is
available about how the levels of such defenses are regulated. We
measured the accumulation of monoterpenes, a model group of constitutive defenses, in peppermint (Mentha × piperita L.) leaves and investigated several
physiological processes that could regulate their accumulation: the
rate of biosynthesis, the rate of metabolic loss, and the rate of
volatilization. Monoterpene accumulation was found to be restricted to
leaves of 12 to 20 d of age, the period of maximal leaf expansion.
The rate of monoterpene biosynthesis determined by
14CO2 incorporation was closely correlated with
monoterpene accumulation, as determined by gas chromatographic
analysis, and appeared to be the principal factor controlling the
monoterpene level of peppermint leaves. No significant catabolic losses
of monoterpenes were detected throughout leaf development, and
monoterpene volatilization was found to occur at a very low rate,
which, on a monthly basis, represented less than 1% of the total pool
of stored monoterpenes. The composition of volatilized monoterpenes
differed significantly from that of the total plant monoterpene pool,
suggesting that these volatilized products may arise from a separate
secretory system. With the demonstration that the rate of
biosynthesis is the chief process that determines monoterpene
accumulation in peppermint, efforts to improve production in this
species can now focus on the genes, enzymes, and cell differentiation
processes that regulate monoterpene biosynthesis.
1
This work was supported in part by the U.S.
Department of Energy Division of Energy Biosciences, by the Mint
Industry Research Council, and by the Agricultural Research Center
(project no. 0268), Washington State University.
2
Present address: Max-Planck-Institut für
Chemische Ökologie, Tatzendpromenade 1a, D-07745 Jena, Germany.
*
Corresponding author; e-mail croteau{at}mail.wsu.edu; fax
509-335-7643.
© 2000 American Society of Plant Physiologists
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