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Plant Physiol, January 2000, Vol. 122, pp. 85-98
A Putative Role for the Tomato Genes DUMPY and
CURL-3 in Brassinosteroid Biosynthesis and
Response1
Chala V.
Koka,2
R. Eric
Cerny,23
Randy G.
Gardner,
Takahiro
Noguchi,
Shozo
Fujioka,
Suguru
Takatsuto,
Shigeo
Yoshida, and
Steven D.
Clouse*
Department of Horticultural Science, Box 7609, North Carolina State
University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695 (C.V.K., R.E.C., S.D.C.);
Mountain Horticultural Crops Research and Extension Center, North
Carolina State University, Fletcher, North Carolina 28732 (R.G.G.); The
Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), Wako-shi, Saitama
351-0198, Japan (T.N., S.F., S.Y.); and Department of Chemistry,
Joetsu University of Education, Joetsu-shi, Niigata 943-8512, Japan
(S.T.).
The
dumpy (dpy) mutant of tomato
(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) exhibits short stature,
reduced axillary branching, and altered leaf morphology. Application of
brassinolide and castasterone rescued the dpy
phenotype, as did C-23-hydroxylated, 6-deoxo intermediates of
brassinolide biosynthesis. The brassinolide precursors campesterol, campestanol, and 6-deoxocathasterone failed to rescue, suggesting that
dpy may be affected in the conversion of
6-deoxocathasterone to 6-deoxoteasterone, similar to the Arabidopsis
constitutive photomorphogenesis and dwarfism
(cpd) mutant. Measurements of endogenous brassinosteroid
levels by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were consistent with
this hypothesis. To examine brassinosteroid-regulated gene expression
in dpy, we performed cDNA subtractive hybridization and
isolated a novel xyloglucan endotransglycosylase that is regulated by
brassinosteroid treatment. The curl-3
(cu-3) mutant (Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium [Jusl.] Mill.) shows extreme dwarfism,
altered leaf morphology, de-etiolation, and reduced fertility, all
strikingly similar to the Arabidopsis mutant
brassinosteroid insensitive 1 (bri1).
Primary root elongation of wild-type L. pimpinellifolium seedlings was strongly inhibited by brassinosteroid application, while
cu-3 mutant roots were able to elongate at the same
brassinosteroid concentration. Moreover, cu-3 mutants
retained sensitivity to indole-3-acetic acid, cytokinins, gibberellin,
and abscisic acid while showing hypersensitivity to
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in the root elongation assay. The
cu-3 root response to hormones, coupled with its
bri1-like phenotype, suggests that cu-3
may also be brassinosteroid insensitive.
1
This work was supported by the North Carolina
Agricultural Research Service and the U.S. Department of Agriculture
National Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program.
2
These authors contributed equally to the paper.
3
Present address: AA2G, Plant Growth and
Development Group, Monsanto Co., 700 Chesterfield Parkway North, St.
Louis, MO 63198.
*
Corresponding author; e-mail steve_clouse{at}ncsu.edu; fax
919-515-2505.
© 2000 American Society of Plant Physiologists
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