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Plant Physiol, February 2000, Vol. 122, pp. 415-424

Gibberellin Requirement for Arabidopsis Seed Germination Is Determined Both by Testa Characteristics and Embryonic Abscisic Acid1

Isabelle Debeaujon2 and Maarten Koornneef*

Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, Dreijenlaan 2, 6703 HA Wageningen, The Netherlands.

The mechanisms imposing a gibberellin (GA) requirement to promote the germination of dormant and non-dormant Arabidopsis seeds were analyzed using the GA-deficient mutant ga1, several seed coat pigmentation and structure mutants, and the abscisic acid (ABA)-deficient mutant aba1. Testa mutants, which exhibit reduced seed dormancy, were not resistant to GA biosynthesis inhibitors such as tetcyclacis and paclobutrazol, contrarily to what was found before for other non-dormant mutants in Arabidopsis. However, testa mutants were more sensitive to exogenous GAs than the wild-types in the presence of the inhibitors or when transferred to a GA-deficient background. The germination capacity of the ga1-1 mutant could be integrally restored, without the help of exogenous GAs, by removing the envelopes or by transferring the mutation to a tt background (tt4 and ttg1). The double mutants still required light and chilling for dormancy breaking, which may indicate that both agents can have an effect independently of GA biosynthesis. The ABA biosynthesis inhibitor norflurazon was partially efficient in releasing the dormancy of wild-type and mutant seeds. These results suggest that GAs are required to overcome the germination constraints imposed both by the seed coat and ABA-related embryo dormancy.

1 This research was financially supported by the European Community (Human Capital and Mobility program grant no. ERB4001GT930753 to I.D.).

2 Present address: Laboratoire de Biologie des Semences, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre de Versailles, Route de Saint Cyr, 78026 Versailles cédex, France.

* Corresponding author; e-mail maarten.koornneef{at}botgen.el.wau.nl; fax 31-317-483146.

© 2000 American Society of Plant Physiologists


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