|
Plant Physiol, April 2000, Vol. 122, pp. 1045-1056
Five Geranylgeranyl Diphosphate Synthases Expressed in Different
Organs Are Localized into Three Subcellular Compartments in
Arabidopsis1
Kazunori
Okada,*
Takeshi
Saito,
Tsuyoshi
Nakagawa,
Makoto
Kawamukai, and
Yuji
Kamiya
Frontier Research Program Plant Hormone Function, The Institute of
Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), Hirosawa 2-1, Wako-shi,
Saitama, 351-0198, Japan (K.O., Y.K.); and Research Institute of
Molecular Genetics (T.S., T.N.) and Department of Applied Biosciences
and Biotechnology (M.K.), University of Shimane, Nishikawatsu 1060, Matsue-shi, Shimane, 690-8504, Japan
Geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) is
the precursor for the biosynthesis of gibberellins, carotenoids,
chlorophylls, isoprenoid quinones, and geranylgeranylated proteins in
plants. There is a small gene family for GGPP synthases encoding five
isozymes and one related protein in Arabidopsis, and all homologs have a putative localization signal to translocate into specific subcellular compartments. Using a synthetic green fluorescent protein (sGFP), we
studied the subcellular localization of these GGPP synthases. When
these fusion proteins were expressed by the cauliflower mosaic virus
35S promoter in Arabidopsis, GGPS1-sGFP and GGPS3-sGFP proteins were
translocated into the chloroplast, GGPS2-sGFP and GGPS4-sGFP proteins
were localized in the endoplasmic reticulum, and the GGPS6-sGFP protein
was localized in the mitochondria. Both GGPS1 and GGPS3 proteins
synthesized in vitro were taken up into isolated intact pea
chloroplasts and processed to the mature form. RNA-blot and
promoter- -glucuronidase (GUS) analysis showed that these GGPP
synthases genes are organ-specifically expressed in Arabidopsis. GGR and GGPS1 were ubiquitously
expressed, while GGPS2, GGPS3, and
GGPS4 were expressed specifically in the flower, root,
and flower, respectively. These results suggest that each GGPP synthase gene is expressed in different tissues during plant development and
GGPP is synthesized by the organelles themselves rather than being
transported into the organelles. Therefore, we predict there will be
specific pathways of GGPP production in each organelle.
1
This work was supported by the Frontier Research
Program, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN).
*
Corresponding author; e-mail kokada{at}postman.riken.go.jp; fax
81-48-462-4691.
© 2000 American Society of Plant Physiologists
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
|
|
 
G. Wang and R. A. Dixon
Heterodimeric geranyl(geranyl)diphosphate synthase from hop (Humulus lupulus) and the evolution of monoterpene biosynthesis
PNAS,
June 16, 2009;
106(24):
9914 - 9919.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Vallabhaneni and E. T. Wurtzel
Timing and Biosynthetic Potential for Carotenoid Accumulation in Genetically Diverse Germplasm of Maize
Plant Physiology,
June 1, 2009;
150(2):
562 - 572.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
G.-i. Arimura, K. Matsui, and J. Takabayashi
Chemical and Molecular Ecology of Herbivore-Induced Plant Volatiles: Proximate Factors and Their Ultimate Functions
Plant Cell Physiol.,
May 1, 2009;
50(5):
911 - 923.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Gerber, A. Hemmerlin, M. Hartmann, D. Heintz, M.-A. Hartmann, J. Mutterer, M. Rodriguez-Concepcion, A. Boronat, A. Van Dorsselaer, M. Rohmer, et al.
The Plastidial 2-C-Methyl-D-Erythritol 4-Phosphate Pathway Provides the Isoprenyl Moiety for Protein Geranylgeranylation in Tobacco BY-2 Cells
PLANT CELL,
January 1, 2009;
21(1):
285 - 300.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Skorupinska-Tudek, J. Poznanski, J. Wojcik, T. Bienkowski, I. Szostkiewicz, M. Zelman-Femiak, A. Bajda, T. Chojnacki, O. Olszowska, J. Grunler, et al.
Contribution of the Mevalonate and Methylerythritol Phosphate Pathways to the Biosynthesis of Dolichols in Plants
J. Biol. Chem.,
July 25, 2008;
283(30):
21024 - 21035.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Okada, H. Kasahara, S. Yamaguchi, H. Kawaide, Y. Kamiya, H. Nojiri, and H. Yamane
Genetic Evidence for the Role of Isopentenyl Diphosphate Isomerases in the Mevalonate Pathway and Plant Development in Arabidopsis
Plant Cell Physiol.,
April 1, 2008;
49(4):
604 - 616.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Herde, K. Gartner, T. G. Kollner, B. Fode, W. Boland, J. Gershenzon, C. Gatz, and D. Tholl
Identification and Regulation of TPS04/GES, an Arabidopsis Geranyllinalool Synthase Catalyzing the First Step in the Formation of the Insect-Induced Volatile C16-Homoterpene TMTT
PLANT CELL,
April 1, 2008;
20(4):
1152 - 1168.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. G. Kollner, M. Held, C. Lenk, I. Hiltpold, T. C.J. Turlings, J. Gershenzon, and J. Degenhardt
A Maize (E)-{beta}-Caryophyllene Synthase Implicated in Indirect Defense Responses against Herbivores Is Not Expressed in Most American Maize Varieties
PLANT CELL,
February 1, 2008;
20(2):
482 - 494.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Ling, Z.-H. Li, K. Miranda, E. Oldfield, and S. N. J. Moreno
The Farnesyl-diphosphate/Geranylgeranyl-diphosphate Synthase of Toxoplasma gondii Is a Bifunctional Enzyme and a Molecular Target of Bisphosphonates
J. Biol. Chem.,
October 19, 2007;
282(42):
30804 - 30816.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Ye, M. Fujii, A. Hirata, M. Kawamukai, C. Shimoda, and T. Nakamura
Geranylgeranyl Diphosphate Synthase in Fission Yeast Is a Heteromer of Farnesyl Diphosphate Synthase (FPS), Fps1, and an FPS-like Protein, Spo9, Essential for Sporulation
Mol. Biol. Cell,
September 1, 2007;
18(9):
3568 - 3581.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Cervantes-Cervantes, C. E. Gallagher, C. Zhu, and E. T. Wurtzel
Maize cDNAs Expressed in Endosperm Encode Functional Farnesyl Diphosphate Synthase with Geranylgeranyl Diphosphate Synthase Activity
Plant Physiology,
May 1, 2006;
141(1):
220 - 231.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Sakakibara, H. Kasahara, N. Ueda, M. Kojima, K. Takei, S. Hishiyama, T. Asami, K. Okada, Y. Kamiya, T. Yamaya, et al.
Agrobacterium tumefaciens increases cytokinin production in plastids by modifying the biosynthetic pathway in the host plant
PNAS,
July 12, 2005;
102(28):
9972 - 9977.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Lohr, C.-S. Im, and A. R. Grossman
Genome-Based Examination of Chlorophyll and Carotenoid Biosynthesis in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Plant Physiology,
May 1, 2005;
138(1):
490 - 515.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Leivar, V. M. Gonzalez, S. Castel, R. N. Trelease, C. Lopez-Iglesias, M. Arro, A. Boronat, N. Campos, A. Ferrer, and X. Fernandez-Busquets
Subcellular Localization of Arabidopsis 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-Coenzyme A Reductase
Plant Physiology,
January 1, 2005;
137(1):
57 - 69.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Jun, R. Saiki, K. Tatsumi, T. Nakagawa, and M. Kawamukai
Identification and Subcellular Localization of Two Solanesyl Diphosphate Synthases from Arabidopsis thaliana
Plant Cell Physiol.,
December 15, 2004;
45(12):
1882 - 1888.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Otsuka, H. Kenmoku, M. Ogawa, K. Okada, W. Mitsuhashi, T. Sassa, Y. Kamiya, T. Toyomasu, and S. Yamaguchi
Emission of ent-Kaurene, a Diterpenoid Hydrocarbon Precursor for Gibberellins, into the Headspace from Plants
Plant Cell Physiol.,
September 15, 2004;
45(9):
1129 - 1138.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Tholl, C. M. Kish, I. Orlova, D. Sherman, J. Gershenzon, E. Pichersky, and N. Dudareva
Formation of Monoterpenes in Antirrhinum majus and Clarkia breweri Flowers Involves Heterodimeric Geranyl Diphosphate Synthases
PLANT CELL,
April 1, 2004;
16(4):
977 - 992.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Collakova and D. DellaPenna
The Role of Homogentisate Phytyltransferase and Other Tocopherol Pathway Enzymes in the Regulation of Tocopherol Synthesis during Abiotic Stress
Plant Physiology,
October 1, 2003;
133(2):
930 - 940.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Hemmerlin, S. B. Rivera, H. K. Erickson, and C. D. Poulter
Enzymes Encoded by the Farnesyl Diphosphate Synthase Gene Family in the Big Sagebrush Artemisia tridentata ssp. spiciformis
J. Biol. Chem.,
August 22, 2003;
278(34):
32132 - 32140.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Elo, A. Lyznik, D. O. Gonzalez, S. D. Kachman, and S. A. Mackenzie
Nuclear Genes That Encode Mitochondrial Proteins for DNA and RNA Metabolism Are Clustered in the Arabidopsis Genome
PLANT CELL,
July 1, 2003;
15(7):
1619 - 1631.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Collakova and D. DellaPenna
Homogentisate Phytyltransferase Activity Is Limiting for Tocopherol Biosynthesis in Arabidopsis
Plant Physiology,
February 1, 2003;
131(2):
632 - 642.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. M. Bramley
Regulation of carotenoid formation during tomato fruit ripening and development
J. Exp. Bot.,
October 1, 2002;
53(377):
2107 - 2113.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Burke and R. Croteau
Interaction with the Small Subunit of Geranyl Diphosphate Synthase Modifies the Chain Length Specificity of Geranylgeranyl Diphosphate Synthase to Produce Geranyl Diphosphate
J. Biol. Chem.,
January 25, 2002;
277(5):
3141 - 3149.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
