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Plant Physiol, April 2000, Vol. 122, pp. 1081-1088
Gibberellins and Seed Development in Maize. I. Evidence That
Gibberellin/Abscisic Acid Balance Governs Germination versus
Maturation Pathways1
Constance N.
White,2
William M.
Proebsting,
Peter
Hedden, and
Carol J.
Rivin*
Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Center for Gene Research
and Biotechnology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
97331-2902 (C.N.W., C.J.R.); Department of Horticulture, Oregon State
University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-7304 (W.M.P.); and IACR-Long
Ashton Research Station, Department of Agricultural Science, University
of Bristol, Long Ashton, Bristol BS18 9AF, United Kingdom (P.H.)
Abscisic
acid (ABA) is required for the regulation of seed maturation in maize
(Zea mays L.). Mutants blocked in ABA synthesis (such as
viviparous-5) do not mature to quiescent,
desiccation-tolerant seeds, but germinate on the ear midway through
kernel development. Because gibberellins (GA) and ABA act
antagonistically in many aspects of plant development, we hypothesized
that ABA antagonizes a positive GA signal for precocious germination in
maize. In these experiments, we show that a GA deficiency early in seed
development, induced genetically or via biosynthesis inhibitors,
suppresses vivipary in ABA-deficient developing kernels. The resulting
seeds have both desiccation tolerance and storage longevity. Temporal analysis of GA accumulation in wild-type kernels revealed the accumulation of bioactive GA1 and GA3 prior to
the peak in ABA content. We speculate that these GAs stimulate a
developmental program leading to vivipary in the absence of normal
amounts of ABA, and that a reduction of GA content re-establishes an
ABA/GA ratio appropriate for suppression of germination and induction of maturation. In contrast, the induction of a GA deficiency did not
suppress vivipary in viviparous-1 mutant kernels,
suggesting that VP1 acts downstream of both GA and ABA in programming
seed development.
1
This work was supported by the National Science
Foundation (grant nos. DCB9007481 and IBN-9318447 to C.J.R.). This is
Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station Technical Paper no. 11,606.
2
Present address: Linn Veterinary Hospital, 6011 Pacific Boulevard SW, Albany, OR 97321.
*
Corresponding author; e-mail rivinc{at}bcc.orst.edu; fax
541-737-3573.
© 2000 American Society of Plant Physiologists
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