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Plant Physiol, April 2000, Vol. 122, pp. 1129-1136
Removal of Feedback Inhibition of
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  V. Joshi and G. Jander Arabidopsis Methionine {gamma}-Lyase Is Regulated According to Isoleucine Biosynthesis Needs But Plays a Subordinate Role to Threonine Deaminase Plant Physiology, September 1, 2009; 151(1): 367 - 378. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 S. Klahn, D. M. Marquardt, I. Rollwitz, and M. Hagemann Expression of the ggpPS gene for glucosylglycerol biosynthesis from Azotobacter vinelandii improves the salt tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana J. Exp. Bot., April 10, 2009; (2009) erp030v1. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 C. Chen, S. Lu, Y. Chen, Z. Wang, Y. Niu, and Z. Guo A Gamma-ray-Induced Dwarf Mutant from Seeded Bermudagrass and Its Physiological Responses to Drought Stress J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci., January 1, 2009; 134(1): 22 - 30. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 L. P. Zhang, S. K. Mehta, Z. P. Liu, and Z. M. Yang Copper-Induced Proline Synthesis is Associated with Nitric Oxide Generation in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Plant Cell Physiol., March 1, 2008; 49(3): 411 - 419. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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B. G. Forde and P. J. Lea Glutamate in plants: metabolism, regulation, and signalling J. Exp. Bot., July 1, 2007; 58(9): 2339 - 2358. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 T. Sekine, A. Kawaguchi, Y. Hamano, and H. Takagi Desensitization of Feedback Inhibition of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae {gamma}-Glutamyl Kinase Enhances Proline Accumulation and Freezing Tolerance Appl. Envir. Microbiol., June 15, 2007; 73(12): 4011 - 4019. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. Chen, S. Wanduragala, D. F. Becker, and M. B. Dickman Tomato QM-Like Protein Protects Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cells against Oxidative Stress by Regulating Intracellular Proline Levels. Appl. Envir. Microbiol., June 1, 2006; 72(6): 4001 - 4006. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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P. E. Verslues and E. A. Bray Role of abscisic acid (ABA) and Arabidopsis thaliana ABA-insensitive loci in low water potential-induced ABA and proline accumulation J. Exp. Bot., January 1, 2006; 57(1): 201 - 212. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. A. Cuin and S. Shabala Exogenously Supplied Compatible Solutes Rapidly Ameliorate NaCl-induced Potassium Efflux from Barley Roots Plant Cell Physiol., December 1, 2005; 46(12): 1924 - 1933. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 V. Chinnusamy, A. Jagendorf, and J.-K. Zhu Understanding and Improving Salt Tolerance in Plants Crop Sci., January 31, 2005; 45(2): 437 - 448. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 K. Deuschle, D. Funck, G. Forlani, H. Stransky, A. Biehl, D. Leister, E. van der Graaff, R. Kunze, and W. B. Frommer The Role of {Delta}1-Pyrroline-5-Carboxylate Dehydrogenase in Proline Degradation PLANT CELL, December 1, 2004; 16(12): 3413 - 3425. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 M. Nomura and H. Takagi Role of the yeast acetyltransferase Mpr1 in oxidative stress: Regulation of oxygen reactive species caused by a toxic proline catabolism intermediate PNAS, August 24, 2004; 101(34): 12616 - 12621. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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I. Yonamine, K. Yoshida, K. Kido, A. Nakagawa, H. Nakayama, and A. Shinmyo Overexpression of NtHAL3 genes confers increased levels of proline biosynthesis and the enhancement of salt tolerance in cultured tobacco cells J. Exp. Bot., February 1, 2004; 55(396): 387 - 395. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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Y. Terao, S. Nakamori, and H. Takagi Gene Dosage Effect of L-Proline Biosynthetic Enzymes on L-Proline Accumulation and Freeze Tolerance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Appl. Envir. Microbiol., November 1, 2003; 69(11): 6527 - 6532. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. Nanjo, M. Fujita, M. Seki, T. Kato, S. Tabata, and K. Shinozaki Toxicity of Free Proline Revealed in an Arabidopsis T-DNA-Tagged Mutant Deficient in Proline Dehydrogenase Plant Cell Physiol., May 15, 2003; 44(5): 541 - 548. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 T. Fujita, A. Maggio, M. Garcia-Rios, C. Stauffacher, R. A. Bressan, and L. N. Csonka Identification of Regions of the Tomato gamma -Glutamyl Kinase That Are Involved in Allosteric Regulation by Proline J. Biol. Chem., April 11, 2003; 278(16): 14203 - 14210. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 H. Kim, E. C. Snesrud, B. Haas, F. Cheung, C. D. Town, and J. Quackenbush Gene Expression Analyses of Arabidopsis Chromosome 2 Using a Genomic DNA Amplicon Microarray Genome Res., March 1, 2003; 13(3): 327 - 340. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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Y. Morita, S. Nakamori, and H. Takagi L-Proline Accumulation and Freeze Tolerance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Are Caused by a Mutation in the PRO1 Gene Encoding {gamma}-Glutamyl Kinase Appl. Envir. Microbiol., January 1, 2003; 69(1): 212 - 219. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 M. J. RAYMOND and N. SMIRNOFF Proline Metabolism and Transport in Maize Seedlings at Low Water Potential Ann. Bot., June 15, 2002; 89(7): 813 - 823. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. D. Sleator, C. G. M. Gahan, and C. Hill Mutations in the Listerial proB Gene Leading to Proline Overproduction: Effects on Salt Tolerance and Murine Infection Appl. Envir. Microbiol., October 1, 2001; 67(10): 4560 - 4565. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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L. Xiong, M. Ishitani, H. Lee, and J.-K. Zhu The Arabidopsis LOS5/ABA3 Locus Encodes a Molybdenum Cofactor Sulfurase and Modulates Cold Stress- and Osmotic Stress-Responsive Gene Expression PLANT CELL, September 1, 2001; 13(9): 2063 - 2083. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. Kultz and D. Chakravarty Hyperosmolality in the form of elevated NaCl but not urea causes DNA damage in murine kidney cells PNAS, February 13, 2001; 98(4): 1999 - 2004. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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1-Pyrroline-5-Carboxylate Synthetase Results in
Increased Proline Accumulation and Protection of Plants from Osmotic
Stress1
1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS; EC not
assigned) is the rate-limiting enzyme in proline (Pro) biosynthesis in
plants and is subject to feedback inhibition by Pro. It has been
suggested that the feedback regulation of P5CS is lost in plants under
stress conditions. We compared Pro levels in transgenic tobacco
(Nicotiana tabacum) plants expressing a wild-type form of Vigna aconitifolia P5CS and a mutated form of the
enzyme (P5CSF129A) whose feedback inhibition by Pro was removed by
site-directed mutagenesis. Transgenic plants expressing P5CSF129A
accumulated about 2-fold more Pro than the plants expressing V.
aconitifolia wild-type P5CS. This difference was further
increased in plants treated with 200 mM NaCl. These results
demonstrated that the feedback regulation of P5CS plays a role in
controlling the level of Pro in plants under both normal and stress
conditions. The elevated Pro also reduced free radical levels in
response to osmotic stress, as measured by malondialdehyde production,
and significantly improved the ability of the transgenic seedlings to
grow in medium containing up to 200 mM NaCl. These findings
shed new light on the regulation of Pro biosynthesis in plants and the
role of Pro in reducing oxidative stress induced by osmotic stress, in
addition to its accepted role as an osmolyte.