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Plant Physiol, April 2000, Vol. 122, pp. 1343-1354

Subcellular Localization and Speciation of Nickel in Hyperaccumulator and Non-Accumulator Thlaspi Species1

Ute Krämer, Ingrid J. Pickering, Roger C. Prince, Ilya Raskin, and David E. Salt*

Fakultät für Biologie-W 5, Universität Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany (U.K.); Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford, California 94309 (I.J.P.); Exxon Mobile Research and Engineering, Annandale, New Jersey 08801 (R.C.P.); Biotech Center, Cook College, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903 (I.R.); and Chemistry Department, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona 86011 (D.E.S.)

The ability of Thlaspi goesingense Hálácsy to hyperaccumulate Ni appears to be governed by its extraordinary degree of Ni tolerance. However, the physiological basis of this tolerance mechanism is unknown. We have investigated the role of vacuolar compartmentalization and chelation in this Ni tolerance. A direct comparison of Ni contents of vacuoles from leaves of T. goesingense and from the non-tolerant non-accumulator Thlaspi arvense L. showed that the hyperaccumulator accumulates approximately 2-fold more Ni in the vacuole than the non-accumulator under Ni exposure conditions that were non-toxic to both species. Using x-ray absorption spectroscopy we have been able to determine the likely identity of the compounds involved in chelating Ni within the leaf tissues of the hyperaccumulator and non-accumulator. This revealed that the majority of leaf Ni in the hyperaccumulator was associated with the cell wall, with the remaining Ni being associated with citrate and His, which we interpret as being localized primarily in the vacuolar and cytoplasm, respectively. This distribution of Ni was remarkably similar to that obtained by cell fractionation, supporting the hypothesis that in the hyperaccumulator, intracellular Ni is predominantly localized in the vacuole as a Ni-organic acid complex.

1 This research was supported by a North Atlantic Treaty Organization fellowship awarded to U.K. by the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD), by the U.S. Department of Energy (grant no. DE-FG07-96ER20251 to D.E.S.), and by Phytotech Inc. (to I.R.). Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory is funded by the Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences (contract no. DE-AC03-76SF00515). The SSRL Structural Molecular Biology Program is supported by the National Institutes of Health, National Center for Research Resources, Biomedical Technology Program, and the Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research.

* Corresponding author; e-mail david.salt{at}nau.edu; fax 520-523-8111.

© 2000 American Society of Plant Physiologists


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