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Plant Physiol, April 2000, Vol. 122, pp. 1343-1354
Subcellular Localization and Speciation of Nickel in
Hyperaccumulator and Non-Accumulator Thlaspi
Species1
Ute
Krämer,
Ingrid J.
Pickering,
Roger C.
Prince,
Ilya
Raskin, and
David E.
Salt*
Fakultät für Biologie-W 5, Universität
Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany (U.K.); Stanford Synchrotron
Radiation Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford Linear Accelerator
Center, Stanford, California 94309 (I.J.P.); Exxon Mobile
Research and Engineering, Annandale, New Jersey 08801 (R.C.P.); Biotech
Center, Cook College, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
08903 (I.R.); and Chemistry Department, Northern Arizona University,
Flagstaff, Arizona 86011 (D.E.S.)
The ability of Thlaspi
goesingense Hálácsy to hyperaccumulate Ni appears
to be governed by its extraordinary degree of Ni tolerance. However,
the physiological basis of this tolerance mechanism is unknown. We have
investigated the role of vacuolar compartmentalization and chelation in
this Ni tolerance. A direct comparison of Ni contents of vacuoles from
leaves of T. goesingense and from the non-tolerant
non-accumulator Thlaspi arvense L. showed that the
hyperaccumulator accumulates approximately 2-fold more Ni in the
vacuole than the non-accumulator under Ni exposure conditions that were
non-toxic to both species. Using x-ray absorption spectroscopy we have
been able to determine the likely identity of the compounds involved in
chelating Ni within the leaf tissues of the hyperaccumulator and
non-accumulator. This revealed that the majority of leaf Ni in the
hyperaccumulator was associated with the cell wall, with the remaining
Ni being associated with citrate and His, which we interpret as being
localized primarily in the vacuolar and cytoplasm, respectively. This
distribution of Ni was remarkably similar to that obtained by cell
fractionation, supporting the hypothesis that in the hyperaccumulator,
intracellular Ni is predominantly localized in the vacuole as a
Ni-organic acid complex.
1
This research was supported by a North Atlantic
Treaty Organization fellowship awarded to U.K. by the German Academic
Exchange Service (DAAD), by the U.S. Department of Energy (grant no.
DE-FG07-96ER20251 to D.E.S.), and by Phytotech Inc. (to I.R.).
Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory is funded by the Department
of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences (contract no.
DE-AC03-76SF00515). The SSRL Structural Molecular Biology Program is
supported by the National Institutes of Health, National Center for
Research Resources, Biomedical Technology Program, and the Department
of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research.
*
Corresponding author; e-mail david.salt{at}nau.edu; fax
520-523-8111.
© 2000 American Society of Plant Physiologists
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