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Plant Physiol, April 2000, Vol. 122, pp. 1399-1416
The Effects of Elevated CO2 Concentrations on Cell
Division Rates, Growth Patterns, and Blade Anatomy in Young Wheat
Plants Are Modulated by Factors Related to Leaf Position,
Vernalization, and Genotype
Josette
Masle*
Research School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Advanced
Studies, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian
Capital Territory 2601, Australia
This study demonstrates that elevated
[CO2] has profound effects on cell division and expansion
in developing wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) leaves and on
the quantitative integration of these processes in whole-leaf growth
kinetics, anatomy, and carbon content. The expression of these effects,
however, is modified by intrinsic factors related to genetic makeup and
leaf position, and also by exposure to low vernalizing temperatures at
germination. Beyond these interactions, leaf developmental responses to
elevated [CO2] in wheat share several remarkable features
that were conserved across all leaves examined. Most significantly: (a)
the contribution of [CO2] effects on meristem size and
activity in driving differences in whole-blade growth kinetics and
final dimensions; (b) an anisotropy in cellular growth responses to
elevated [CO2], with final cell length and expansion in
the paradermal plane being highly conserved, even when the rates and
duration of cell elongation were modified, while cell cross-sectional
areas were increased; (c) tissue-specific effects of elevated
[CO2], with significant modifications of mesophyll anatomy, including an increased extension of intercellular air spaces
and the formation of, on average, one extra cell layer, while epidermal
anatomy was mostly unaltered. Our results indicate complex
developmental regulations of sugar effects in expanding leaves that are
subjected to genetic variation and influenced by environmental cues
important in the promotion of floral initiation. They also provide
insights into apparently contradictory and inconsistent conclusions of
published CO2 enrichment studies in wheat.
*
E-mail masle{at}rsbs.anu.edu.au; fax 61-2-6249-4919.
© 2000 American Society of Plant Physiologists
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