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Plant Physiol, May 2000, Vol. 123, pp. 353-362

AVP2, a Sequence-Divergent, K+-Insensitive H+-Translocating Inorganic Pyrophosphatase from Arabidopsis1

Yolanda M. Drozdowicz, Jessica C. Kissinger, and Philip A. Rea*

Plant Science Institute, Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6018

Plant vacuolar H+-translocating inorganic pyrophosphatases (V-PPases; EC 3.6.1.1) have been considered to constitute a family of functionally and structurally monotonous intrinsic membrane proteins. Typified by AVP1 (V. Sarafian, Y. Kim, R.J. Poole, P.A. Rea [1992] Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89: 1775-1779) from Arabidopsis, all characterized plant V-PPases share greater than 84% sequence identity and catalyze K+-stimulated H+ translocation. Here we describe the molecular and biochemical characterization of AVP2 (accession no. AF182813), a sequence-divergent (36% identical) K+-insensitive, Ca2+-hypersensitive V-PPase active in both inorganic pyrophosphate hydrolysis and H+ translocation. The differences between AVP2 and AVP1 provide the first indication that plant V-PPases from the same organism fall into two distinct categories. Phylogenetic analyses of these and other V-PPase sequences extend this principle by showing that AVP2, rather than being an isoform of AVP1, is but one representative of a novel category of AVP2-like (type II) V-PPases that coexist with AVP1-like (type I) V-PPases not only in plants, but also in apicomplexan protists such as the malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum.

1 This work was supported by the Department of Energy (grant no. DE-FG02-91ER20055 to P.A.R.). Y.M.D. is a Triagency (Department of Energy/National Science Foundation/U.S. Department of Agriculture) Plant Training Grant Fellow. Sequencing of the Chlorobium tepidum and Caulobacter crescentus genomes by The Institute for Genomic Research was accomplished with support from the Department of Energy. Partial sequencing of the P. falciparum genome was accomplished by The Institute for Genomic Research, The Sanger Centre, and the Stanford DNA Sequencing and Technology Center as part of the Malaria Genome Project with support from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, The Wellcome Trust, and The Burroughs Wellcome Fund.

* Corresponding author; e-mail parea{at}sas.upenn.edu; fax 215- 898-8780.

© 2000 American Society of Plant Physiologists


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