|
Plant Physiol, June 2000, Vol. 123, pp. 589-596
Characterization of Auxin Conjugates in Arabidopsis. Low
Steady-State Levels of Indole-3-Acetyl-Aspartate,
Indole-3-Acetyl-Glutamate, and Indole-3-Acetyl-Glucose1
Yuen Yee
Tam,
Ephraim
Epstein, and
Jennifer
Normanly*
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of
Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003 (Y.Y.T., J.N.); and
Phytonutrients Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States
Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland (E.E.)
Amide-linked indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) conjugates constitute
approximately 90% of the IAA pool in the dicot Arabidopsis, whereas
ester-linked conjugates and free IAA account for approximately 10% and
1%, respectively when whole seedlings are measured. We show here that
IAA-aspartate Asp, IAA-glutamate (Glu), and IAA-glucose (Glc) are
present at low levels in Arabidopsis. Nine-day-old wild-type Arabidopsis seedlings yielded 17.4 ± 4.6 ng g 1
fresh weight IAA-Asp and 3.5 ± 1.6 ng g1 fresh
weight IAA-Glu, and IAA-Glc was present at 7 to 17 ng g1
fresh weight in 12-d-old wild-type seedlings. Total IAA content in
9-d-old Arabidopsis seedlings was 1,200 ± 178 ng g1
fresh weight, so these three IAA conjugates together made up only 3%
of the conjugate pool throughout the whole plant. We detected less than
wild-type levels of IAA-Asp and IAA-Glu (7.8 ± 0.4 ng g1 fresh weight and 1.8 ± 0.3 ng g1
fresh weight, respectively) in an Arabidopsis mutant that accumulates conjugated IAA. Our results are consistent with IAA-Asp, IAA-Glu, and
IAA-Glc being either minor, transient, or specifically localized IAA
metabolites under normal growth conditions and bring into question the
physiological relevance of IAA-Asp accumulation in response to high
concentrations of exogenous IAA.
1
This work was supported by the National Science
Foundation (grant no. MCB9870798 to J.N.). E.E. was supported by the
Department of Energy (grant no. DE-AI02-94ER20153 to J.D. Cohen).
*
Corresponding author; normanly{at}biochem.umass.edu; fax
413-545-3291.
© 2000 American Society of Plant Physiologists
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
|
|
 
K. Hoyerova, L. Perry, P. Hand, M. Lankova, T. Kocabek, S. May, J. Kottova, J. Paces, R. Napier, and E. Zazimalova
Functional Characterization of PaLAX1, a Putative Auxin Permease, in Heterologous Plant Systems
Plant Physiology,
March 1, 2008;
146(3):
1128 - 1141.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. G. Dubouzet, A. Ishihara, F. Matsuda, H. Miyagawa, H. Iwata, and K. Wakasa
Integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses of high-tryptophan rice expressing a mutant anthranilate synthase alpha subunit
J. Exp. Bot.,
September 4, 2007;
(2007)
erm179v1.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. A. Rampey, A. W. Woodward, B. N. Hobbs, M. P. Tierney, B. Lahner, D. E. Salt, and B. Bartel
An Arabidopsis Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Protein Modulates Metal Homeostasis and Auxin Conjugate Responsiveness
Genetics,
December 1, 2006;
174(4):
1841 - 1857.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. W. WOODWARD and B. BARTEL
Auxin: Regulation, Action, and Interaction
Ann. Bot.,
April 1, 2005;
95(5):
707 - 735.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. E. Staswick, B. Serban, M. Rowe, I. Tiryaki, M. T. Maldonado, M. C. Maldonado, and W. Suza
Characterization of an Arabidopsis Enzyme Family That Conjugates Amino Acids to Indole-3-Acetic Acid
PLANT CELL,
February 1, 2005;
17(2):
616 - 627.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. J. Campanella, A. F. Olajide, V. Magnus, and J. Ludwig-Muller
A Novel Auxin Conjugate Hydrolase from Wheat with Substrate Specificity for Longer Side-Chain Auxin Amide Conjugates
Plant Physiology,
August 1, 2004;
135(4):
2230 - 2240.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. A. Rampey, S. LeClere, M. Kowalczyk, K. Ljung, G. Sandberg, and B. Bartel
A Family of Auxin-Conjugate Hydrolases That Contributes to Free Indole-3-Acetic Acid Levels during Arabidopsis Germination
Plant Physiology,
June 1, 2004;
135(2):
978 - 988.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Jakubowska and S. Kowalczyk
The auxin conjugate 1-O-indole-3-acetyl-{beta}-D-glucose is synthesized in immature legume seeds by IAGlc synthase and may be used for modification of some high molecular weight compounds
J. Exp. Bot.,
April 1, 2004;
55(398):
791 - 801.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
O. Avsian-Kretchmer, J.-C. Cheng, L. Chen, E. Moctezuma, and Z. R. Sung
Indole Acetic Acid Distribution Coincides with Vascular Differentiation Pattern during Arabidopsis Leaf Ontogeny
Plant Physiology,
September 1, 2002;
130(1):
199 - 209.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. E. Staswick, I. Tiryaki, and M. L. Rowe
Jasmonate Response Locus JAR1 and Several Related Arabidopsis Genes Encode Enzymes of the Firefly Luciferase Superfamily That Show Activity on Jasmonic, Salicylic, and Indole-3-Acetic Acids in an Assay for Adenylation
PLANT CELL,
June 1, 2002;
14(6):
1405 - 1415.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. LeClere, R. Tellez, R. A. Rampey, S. P. T. Matsuda, and B. Bartel
Characterization of a Family of IAA-Amino Acid Conjugate Hydrolases from Arabidopsis
J. Biol. Chem.,
May 31, 2002;
277(23):
20446 - 20452.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Walz, S. Park, J. P. Slovin, J. Ludwig-Muller, Y. S. Momonoki, and J. D. Cohen
A gene encoding a protein modified by the phytohormone indoleacetic acid
PNAS,
February 5, 2002;
99(3):
1718 - 1723.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Kowalczyk and G. Sandberg
Quantitative Analysis of Indole-3-Acetic Acid Metabolites in Arabidopsis
Plant Physiology,
December 1, 2001;
127(4):
1845 - 1853.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. G. Jackson, E.-K. Lim, Y. Li, M. Kowalczyk, G. Sandberg, J. Hoggett, D. A. Ashford, and D. J. Bowles
Identification and Biochemical Characterization of an Arabidopsis Indole-3-acetic Acid Glucosyltransferase
J. Biol. Chem.,
February 2, 2001;
276(6):
4350 - 4356.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
