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Plant Physiol, June 2000, Vol. 123, pp. 613-624
The Structure and Expression of the Wheat Starch Synthase III
Gene. Motifs in the Expressed Gene Define the Lineage of the Starch
Synthase III Gene Family1
Zhongyi
Li,
Greg
Mouille,2
Behjat
Kosar-Hashemi,
Sadequr
Rahman,
Bryan
Clarke,
Kevin R.
Gale,
Rudi
Appels, and
Matthew K.
Morell*
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization,
Division of Plant Industry, G.P.O. Box 1600, Canberra, Australian
Capital Territory 2601, Australia
The endosperm of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum
[L.]) was shown to contain a high molecular weight starch synthase
(SS) analogous to the product of the maize du1 gene,
starch synthase III (SSIII; DU1). cDNA and genomic DNA sequences
encoding wheat SSIII were isolated and characterized. The wheat SSIII
cDNA is 5,346 bp long and contains an open reading frame that encodes a
1,628-amino acid polypeptide. A putative N-terminal transit peptide, a
436-amino acid C-terminal catalytic domain, and a central 470-amino
acid SSIII-specific domain containing three regions of repeated amino
acid similarity were identified in the wheat gene. A fourth region
between the transit peptide and the SSIII-specific domain contains
repeat motifs that are variable with respect to motif sequence and
repeat number between wheat and maize. In dicots, this N-terminal
region does not contain repeat motifs and is truncated. The gene
encoding wheat SSIII, designated ss3, consists of 16 exons extending over 10 kb, and is located on wheat chromosome I. Expression of ss3 mRNA in wheat was detected in leaves,
pre-anthesis florets, and from very early to middle stage of
endosperm development. The entire N-terminal variable repeat region and
the majority of the SSIII-specific domain are encoded on a single
2,703-bp exon. A gene encoding a class III SS from the Arabidopsis
genome sequencing project shows a strongly conserved exon structure to the wheat ss3 gene, with the exception of the N-terminal
region. The evolutionary relationships of the genes encoding monocot
and dicot class III SSs are discussed.
1
This research was supported by Goodman Fielder
(Sydney) and Biogemma (Paris).
2
Present address: Laboratoire des Transports
Intracellulaires, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
(Strasbourg, France) ESA 6037, Université de Rouen, 76821 Mont Saint Aignan, France.
*
Corresponding author; e-mail M.Morell{at}pi.csiro.au; fax
61-2- 6246-5000.
© 2000 American Society of Plant Physiologists
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