Plant Physiol, July 2000, Vol. 123, pp. 1029-1036

Azuki Bean Cells Are Hypersensitive to Cadmium and Do Not Synthesize Phytochelatins¹

Department of Biology and Earth Science, Faculty of Science, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8577, Japan

Suspension-cultured cells of azuki bean (Vigna angularis) as well as the original root tissues were hypersensitive to Cd (<10 µM). Repeated subculturings with a sublethal level of Cd (1-10 µM) did not affect the subsequent response of cells to inhibitory levels of Cd (10-100 µM). The azuki bean cells challenged to Cd did not contain phytochelatin (PC) peptides, unlike tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) cells that have a substantial tolerance to Cd (>100 µM). Both of the cell suspensions contained a similar level of reduced glutathione (GSH) when grown in the absence of Cd. Externally applied GSH to azuki bean cells recovered neither Cd tolerance nor PC synthesis of the cells. Furthermore, enzyme assays in vitro revealed that the protein extracts of azuki bean cells had no activity converting GSH to PCs, unlike tomato. These results suggest that azuki bean cells are lacking in the PC synthase activity per se, hence being Cd hypersensitive. We concluded that the PC synthase has an important role in Cd tolerance of suspension-cultured cells.