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Plant Physiol, July 2000, Vol. 123, pp. 1143-1152
Elevated CO2 Induces Biochemical and Ultrastructural
Changes in Leaves of the C4 Cereal Sorghum
Jenny R.
Watling,*
Malcolm C.
Press, and
W. Paul
Quick
Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield,
Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
We analyzed the impact of growth at either 350 (ambient) or 700 (elevated) µL L 1 CO2 on key elements of the
C4 pathway (photosynthesis, carbon isotope discrimination,
and leaf anatomy) using the C4 cereal sorghum
(Sorghum bicolor L. Moench.). Gas-exchange analysis of the CO2 response of photosynthesis indicated that both
carboxylation efficiency and the CO2 saturated rate of
photosynthesis were lower in plants grown at elevated relative to
ambient CO2. This was accompanied by a 49% reduction in
the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase content of leaves
(area basis) in the elevated CO2-grown plants, but no
change in Rubisco content. Despite the lower
phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase content, there was a
3-fold increase in C isotope discrimination in leaves of plants grown
at elevated CO2 and bundle sheath leakiness was estimated
to be 24% and 33%, respectively, for the ambient and elevated
CO2-grown plants. However, we could detect no difference in
quantum yield. The ratio of quantum yield of CO2 fixation
to PSII efficiency was lower in plants grown at elevated
CO2, but only when leaf internal was below 50 µL
L1. This suggests a reduction in the efficiency of the
C4 cycle when [CO2] is low, and also implies
increased electron transport to acceptors other than CO2.
Analysis of leaf sections using a transmission electron microscope
indicated a 2-fold decrease in the thickness of the bundle sheath cell
walls in plants grown at elevated relative to ambient CO2.
These results suggest that significant acclimation to increased
CO2 concentrations occurs in sorghum.
*
Corresponding author; e-mail j.r.watling{at}sheffield.ac.uk;
fax 44-0-114-222-0002.
© 2000 American Society of Plant Physiologists
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