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Plant Physiol, July 2000, Vol. 123, pp. 939-948

Glucose and Disaccharide-Sensing Mechanisms Modulate the Expression of alpha -amylase in Barley Embryos1

Elena Loreti, Amedeo Alpi, and Pierdomenico Perata*

Department of Crop Plant Biology, University of Pisa, Via Mariscoglio 34, 56124 Pisa, Italy (E.L., A.A.); and Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, Bari, Italy (P.P.)

The aim of this study was to investigate the sugar-sensing processes modulating the expression of alpha -amylase in barley (Hordeum vulgaris L. var Himalaya) embryos. The results highlight the existence of independent glucose (Glc) and disaccharides sensing. Glc treatment destabilizes the alpha -amylase mRNA. Non-metabolizable disaccharides repress alpha -amylase induction, but have no effects on transcript stability. Structure-function analysis indicates that a fructose (Fru) moiety is needed for disaccharide sensing. Lactulose (beta -galactose [Gal][1right-arrow4]Fru), palatinose (Glc[1right-arrow6]Fru), and turanose (Glc[1right-arrow3]Fru) are not metabolized but repress alpha -amylase. Disrupting the fructosyl moiety of lactulose and palatinose, or replacing the Fru moiety of beta -Gal[1right-arrow4]Fru with Glc or Gal results in molecules unable to repress alpha -amylase. Comparison of the molecular requirements for sucrose transport with those for disaccharide sensing suggests that these sugars are perceived possibly at the plasma membrane level independently from sucrose transport.

1 This work was supported in part by Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Target Project on Biotechnology.

* Corresponding author; e-mail Perata{at}botanica.uniba.it; fax 39-050-540296.

© 2000 American Society of Plant Physiologists


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