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Plant Physiol, September 2000, Vol. 124, pp. 273-284
Photodamage of the Photosynthetic Apparatus and Its Dependence on
the Leaf Developmental Stage in the npq1 Arabidopsis Mutant
Deficient in the Xanthophyll Cycle Enzyme Violaxanthin
De-epoxidase
Michel
Havaux,*
Jean-Paul
Bonfils,
Cornelius
Lütz, and
Krishna K.
Niyogi
Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique/Cadarache, Direction des
Sciences du Vivant, Département d'Ecophysiologie
Végétale et de Microbiologie, Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie
de la Photosynthèse, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
(M.H.); Laboratoire de Recherches sur les Substances Naturelles
Végétales, UPRES 1677, Université Montpellier
II, F-34095 Montpellier, France (J.-P.B.); Institute of Botany,
University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria (C.L.); and
Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California,
Berkeley, California 94720 (K.K.N.)
The npq1 Arabidopsis mutant is deficient in the
violaxanthin de-epoxidase enzyme that converts violaxanthin to
zeaxanthin in excess light (xanthophyll cycle). We have compared the
behavior of mature leaves (ML) and developing leaves of the mutant and the wild type in various light environments. Thermoluminescence measurements indicated that high photon flux densities (>500 µmol m 2 s1) promoted oxidative stress in the
chloroplasts of npq1 ML, which was associated with a
loss of chlorophyll and an inhibition of the photochemical activity.
Illuminating leaf discs in the presence of eosin, a generator of
singlet oxygen, brought about pronounced lipid peroxidation in
npq1 ML but not in wild-type leaves. No such effects
were seen in young leaves (YL) of npq1, which were quite
tolerant to strong light and eosin-induced singlet oxygen. Non-photochemical energy quenching was strongly inhibited in
npq1 YL and ML and was not improved with high-light
acclimation. Our results confirm that the xanthophyll cycle protects
chloroplasts from photooxidation by a mechanism distinct from
non-photochemical energy quenching and they reveal that the absence of
xanthophyll cycle can be compensated by other protective mechanisms.
npq1 YL were observed to accumulate considerable amounts
of vitamin E during photoacclimation, suggesting that this lipophilic
antioxidant could be involved in the high phototolerance of those leaves.
*
Corresponding author; e-mail michel.havaux{at}cea.fr; fax
33-4-4225-6265
© 2000 American Society of Plant Physiologists
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