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Plant Physiol, September 2000, Vol. 124, pp. 343-354
Characterization of the 9-Cis-Epoxycarotenoid Dioxygenase Gene
Family and the Regulation of Abscisic Acid Biosynthesis in
Avocado1
Jacqueline T.
Chernys2 and
Jan A.D.
Zeevaart*
Departments of Energy Plant Research Laboratory (J.T.C., J.A.D.Z.)
and Botany and Plant Pathology (J.A.D.Z.), Michigan State University,
East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1312
Avocado (Persea americana Mill. cv Lula) is a
climacteric fruit that exhibits a rise in ethylene as the fruit ripens.
This rise in ethylene is followed by an increase in abscisic acid
(ABA), with the highest level occurring just after the peak in ethylene production. ABA is synthesized from the cleavage of carotenoid precursors. The cleavage of carotenoid precursors produces xanthoxin, which can subsequently be converted into ABA via ABA-aldehyde. Indirect
evidence indicates that the cleavage reaction, catalyzed by
9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED), is the regulatory step in ABA
synthesis. Three genes encoding NCED cleavage-like enzymes were cloned
from avocado fruit. Two genes, PaNCED1 and PaNCED3, were strongly induced as the fruit ripened. The
other gene, PaNCED2, was constitutively expressed during
fruit ripening, as well as in leaves. This gene lacks
a predicted chloroplast transit peptide. It is therefore unlikely to be
involved in ABA biosynthesis. PaNCED1 was induced by
water stress, but expression of PaNCED3 was not
detectable in dehydrated leaves. Recombinant PaNCED1 and PaNCED3 were
capable of in vitro cleavage of 9-cis-xanthophylls into xanthoxin and
C25-apocarotenoids, but PaNCED2 was not. Taken together,
the results indicate that ABA biosynthesis in avocado is regulated at
the level of carotenoid cleavage.
1
This work was supported by the National Science
Foundation (grant no. MCB-9723408) and by the U.S. Department of
Energy (grant no. DE-FG02-91ER20021).
2
Present address: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada,
Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Center, 1391 Sandford
Street, London, Ontario, Canada N5V 4T3.
*
Corresponding author; e-mail zeevaart{at}msu.edu; fax
517-353-9168.
© 2000 American Society of Plant Physiologists
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