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Plant Physiol, September 2000, Vol. 124, pp. 397-406

The Mechanical Properties and Molecular Dynamics of Plant Cell Wall Polysaccharides Studied by Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy1

Reginald H. Wilson,* Andrew C. Smith, Marta Kacuráková, Paul K. Saunders, Nikolaus Wellner, and Keith W. Waldron

Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, United Kingdom

Polarized one- and two-dimensional infrared spectra were obtained from the epidermis of onion (Allium cepa) under hydrated and mechanically stressed conditions. By Fourier-transform infrared microspectroscopy, the orientation of macromolecules in single cell walls was determined. Cellulose and pectin exhibited little orientation in native epidermal cell walls, but when a mechanical stress was placed on the tissue these molecules showed distinct reorientation as the cells were elongated. When the stress was removed the tissue recovered slightly, but a relatively large plastic deformation remained. The plastic deformation was confirmed in microscopic images by retention of some elongation of cells within the tissue and by residual molecular orientation in the infrared spectra of the cell wall. Two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy was used to determine the nature of the interaction between the polysaccharide networks during deformation. The results provide evidence that cellulose and xyloglucan associate while pectin creates an independent network that exhibits different reorientation rates in the wet onion cell walls. The pectin chains respond faster to oscillation than the more rigid cellulose.

1 M.K. (on leave from SAS, Bratislava, SK) was supported by a NATO Royal Society fellowship and R.H.W., A.C.S., P.K.S., N.W., and K.W.W. were suported by a Biotechnology and Biological Science Research Council Competitive Strategy Grant.

* Corresponding author; e-mail reg.wilson{at}bbsrc.ac.uk; fax 44-1603-507723.

© 2000 American Society of Plant Physiologists


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