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Plant Physiol, September 2000, Vol. 124, pp. 461-474

Regulation of Sulfur Nutrition in Wild-Type and Transgenic Poplar Over-Expressing gamma -Glutamylcysteine Synthetase in the Cytosol as Affected by Atmospheric H2S1

Cornelia Herschbach,* Esther van der Zalm, Andrea Schneider, Lise Jouanin, Luit J. De Kok, and Heinz Rennenberg

Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Institut für Forstbotanik und Baumphysiologie, Professur für Baumphysiologie, Am Flughafen 17, D-79085 Freiburg, Germany (C.H., E.v.d.Z., A.S., H.R.); Laboratoire du Métabolism, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Route de St. Cry, 78026 Versailles cedex, France (L.J.); and Department of Plant Biology, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 14, NL-9750 AA Haren, The Netherlands (L.J.D.K.)

This study with poplar (Populus tremula × Populus alba) cuttings was aimed to test the hypothesis that sulfate uptake is regulated by demand-driven control and that this regulation is mediated by phloem-transported glutathione as a shoot-to-root signal. Therefore, sulfur nutrition was investigated at (a) enhanced sulfate demand in transgenic poplar over-expressing gamma -glutamylcysteine (gamma -EC) synthetase in the cytosol and (b) reduced sulfate demand during short-term exposure to H2S. H2S taken up by the leaves increased cysteine, gamma -EC, and glutathione concentrations in leaves, xylem sap, phloem exudate, and roots, both in wild-type and transgenic poplar. The observed reduced xylem loading of sulfate after H2S exposure of wild-type poplar could well be explained by a higher glutathione concentration in the phloem. In transgenic poplar increased concentrations of glutathione and gamma -EC were found not only in leaves, xylem sap, and roots but also in phloem exudate irrespective of H2S exposure. Despite enhanced phloem allocation of glutathione and its accumulation in the roots, sulfate uptake was strongly enhanced. This finding is contradictory to the hypothesis that glutathione allocated in the phloem reduces sulfate uptake and its transport to the shoot. Correlation analysis provided circumstantial evidence that the sulfate to glutathione ratio in the phloem may control sulfate uptake and loading into the xylem, both when the sulfate demand of the shoot is increased and when it is reduced.

1 This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (contract nos. Re 515/6 and He 3003/1).

* Corresponding author; e-mail herschba{at}uni-freiburg.de; fax 49-761-203-8302.

© 2000 American Society of Plant Physiologists


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