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Plant Physiol, October 2000, Vol. 124, pp. 627-640

A DEFICIENS Homolog from the Dioecious Tree Black Cottonwood Is Expressed in Female and Male Floral Meristems of the Two-Whorled, Unisexual Flowers1

Lorraine A. Sheppard,2 Amy M. Brunner, Konstantin V. Krutovskii,3 William H. Rottmann,4 Jeffrey S. Skinner, Sheila S. Vollmer,5 and Steven H. Strauss*

Genetics Program (L.A.S.) and Department of Forest Science (A.M.B., K.V.K., W.H.R., J.S.S., S.S.V., S.H.S.), Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-5752

We isolated PTD, a member of the DEFICIENS (DEF) family of MADS box transcription factors, from the dioecious tree, black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa). In females, in situ hybridization experiments showed that PTD mRNA was first detectable in cells on the flanks of the inflorescence meristem, before differentiation of individual flowers was visually detectable. In males, the onset of PTD expression was delayed until after individual flower differentiation had begun and floral meristems were developing. Although PTD was initially expressed throughout the inner whorl meristem in female and male flowers, its spatial expression pattern became sex-specific as reproductive primordia began to form. PTD expression was maintained in stamen primordia, but excluded from carpel primordia, as well as vegetative tissues. Although PTD is phylogenetically most closely related to the largely uncharacterized TM6 subfamily of the DEF/APETELA3(AP3)/TM6 group, its spatio-temporal expression patterns are more similar to that of DEF and AP3 than to other members of the TM6 subfamily.

1 This research was supported in part by the National Science Foundation, by the U.S. Department of Agriculture National Research Initiative (grant no. 93-37301-9425), by members of the Tree Genetic Engineering Research Cooperative based at Oregon State University (Alberta Pacific, Boise Cascade, Department of Energy Biofeedstocks Program, Electric Power Research Institute, Fort James, Georgia Pacific, International Paper, MacMillan Bloedel, Monsanto, Potlatch, Shell, Union Camp, Westvaco, and Weyerhaeuser), and by an endowment from the late Conrad Wessela.

2 Present address: Institute of Forest Genetics, U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Department of Environmental Horticulture, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, CA 95616.

3 Permanent address: Laboratory of Population Genetics, N.I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117809 GSP-1, Moscow B-333, Russia.

4 Present address: Westvaco Forest Science and Technology, P.O. Box 1950, Summerville, SC 29484.

5 Present address: U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Research Service National Forage Seed Production Research Center, 3450 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331-8539.

* Corresponding author; e-mail Steve.Strauss{at}orst.edu; fax 541-737-1393.

© 2000 American Society of Plant Physiologists


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