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Plant Physiol, October 2000, Vol. 124, pp. 665-680
Development of Peltate Glandular Trichomes of
Peppermint1
Glenn W.
Turner,
Jonathan
Gershenzon,2 and
Rodney B.
Croteau*
Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University,
Pullman, Washington 99164-6340
Cryofixation and conventional chemical fixation methods were
employed to examine the ultrastructure of developing peltate glandular
trichomes of peppermint (Mentha × piperita). Our results are discussed in relation to
monoterpene production and the mechanism of essential oil secretion.
Peltate glands arise as epidermal protuberances (initials) that divide
asymmetrically to produce a vacuolate basal cell, a stalk cell, and a
cytoplasmically dense apical cell. Further divisions of the apical cell
produce a peltate trichome with one basal cell, one stalk cell, and
eight glandular (secretory) disc cells. Presecretory gland cells
resemble meristematic cells because they contain proplastids, small
vacuoles, and large nuclei. The secretory phase coincides with the
separation and filling of the sub-cuticular oil storage space, the
maturation of glandular disc cell leucoplasts in which monoterpene
biosynthesis is known to be initiated, and the formation of extensive
smooth endoplasmic reticulum at which hydroxylation steps of the
monoterpene biosynthetic pathway occur. The smooth endoplasmic
reticulum of the secretory cells appears to form associations with both
the leucoplasts and the plasma membrane bordering the sub-cuticular oil
storage cavity, often contains densely staining material, and may be
involved with the transport of the monoterpene-rich secretion product.
Associated changes in the ultrastructure of the secretory stage stalk
cell are also described, as is the ultrastructure of the fragile
post-secretory gland for which cryofixation methods are particularly
well suited for the preservation of organizational integrity.
1
This work was supported in part by the U.S.
Department of Energy Division of Energy Biosciences, the Mint Industry
Research Council, and the Agricultural Research Center, Washington
State University (project no. 0268).
2
Present address: Max Planck Institut für Chemische
Ökologie, Tatzendpromenade 1a, D-07745 Jena, Germany.
*
Corresponding author; e-mail croteau{at}mail.wsu.edu; fax
509-335-7643.
© 2000 American Society of Plant Physiologists
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