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Plant Physiol, October 2000, Vol. 124, pp. 781-794
Production of the Isoflavones Genistein and Daidzein in
Non-Legume Dicot and Monocot Tissues
Oliver
Yu,
Woosuk
Jung,
June
Shi,
Robert A.
Croes,
Gary M.
Fader,
Brian
McGonigle, and
Joan T.
Odell*
Nutrition and Health, The DuPont Company, Experimental Station,
P.O. Box 80402, Wilmington, Delaware 19880-0402
Metabolic engineering for production of isoflavones in non-legume
plants may provide the health benefits of these phytoestrogens from
consumption of more widely used grains. In legumes, isoflavones function in both the symbiotic relationship with rhizobial bacteria and
the plant defense response. Expression of a soybean isoflavone synthase
(IFS) gene in Arabidopsis plants was previously shown to result in the
synthesis and accumulation of the isoflavone genistein in leaf and stem
tissue (Jung et al., 2000). Here we further investigate the ability of
the heterologous IFS enzyme to interact with the endogenous
phenylpropanoid pathway, which provides the substrate for IFS, and
produces genistein in several plant tissue systems. In tobacco
(Nicotiana tabacum) floral tissue that synthesizes
anthocyanins, genistein production was increased relative to leaves.
Induction of the flavonoid/anthocyanin branch of the phenylpropanoid
pathway through UV-B treatment also enhanced genistein production in
Arabidopsis. In a monocot cell system, introduced expression of a
transcription factor regulating genes of the anthocyanin pathway was
effective in conferring the ability to produce genistein in the
presence of the IFS gene. Introduction of a third gene, chalcone
reductase, provided the ability to synthesize an additional substrate
of IFS resulting in production of the isoflavone daidzein in this
system. The genistein produced in tobacco, Arabidopsis, and maize
(Zea mays) cells was present in conjugated forms,
indicating that endogenous enzymes were capable of recognizing
genistein as a substrate. This study provides insight into requirements
for metabolic engineering for isoflavone production in non-legume dicot
and monocot tissues.
*
Corresponding author; e-mail Joan.T.Odell{at}usa.dupont.com;
fax 302-695-4509.
© 2000 American Society of Plant Physiologists
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