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Plant Physiol, November 2000, Vol. 124, pp. 1139-1148
Multiple Signaling Pathways in Gene Expression during Sugar
Starvation. Pharmacological Analysis of din Gene Expression
in Suspension-Cultured Cells of Arabidopsis1
Yuki
Fujiki,*
Masaki
Ito,
Ikuo
Nishida, and
Akira
Watanabe2
Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science,
University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Hongo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
We have identified many dark-inducible (din) genes
that are expressed in Arabidopsis leaves kept in the dark. In the
present study we addressed the question of how plant cells sense the
depletion of sugars, and how sugar starvation triggers
din gene expression in suspension-cultured cells of
Arabidopsis. Depletion of sucrose in the medium triggered marked
accumulation of din transcripts. Suppression of
din gene expression by 2-deoxy-Glc, and a
non-suppressive effect exerted by 3-O-methyl-Glc,
suggested that sugar-repressible expression of din genes
is mediated through the phosphorylation of hexose by hexokinase, as
exemplified in the repression of photosynthetic genes by sugars. We
have further shown that the signaling triggered by sugar starvation
involves protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation events, and have
provided the first evidence that multiple pathways of protein
dephosphorylation exist in sugar starvation-induced gene expression. An
inhibitor of serine/threonine protein kinase, K-252a, inhibited
din gene expression in sugar-depleted cells. Okadaic
acid, which may preferentially inhibit type 2A protein phosphatases
over type 1, enhanced the transcript levels of all din
genes, except din6 and din10, under sugar
starvation. Conversely, a more potent inhibitor of type 1 and 2A
protein phosphatases, calyculin A, increased transcripts from
din2 and din9, but decreased those from
other din genes, in sugar-depleted cells. On the other hand, calyculin A, but not okadaic acid, completely inhibited the gene
expression of chlorophyll a/b-binding protein under
sugar starvation. These results indicate that multiple signaling
pathways, mediated by different types of protein phosphatases, regulate gene expression during sugar starvation.
1
This work was supported by the "Research for
the Future" Program of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
(no. JSPS-RFTF96L00601 to A.W.) and by the Research Fellowship of the
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science for Young Scientists (no.
4206 to Y.F.).
2
Deceased on May 22, 2000.
*
Corresponding author; e-mail fujiki{at}biol.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp; fax:
81-3-3814-1728.
© 2000 American Society of Plant Physiologists
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