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Plant Physiol, November 2000, Vol. 124, pp. 1169-1180
Sensing of Osmotic Pressure Changes in Tomato Cells
Georg
Felix,*
Martin
Regenass, and
Thomas
Boller
Friedrich Miescher-Institute, P.O. Box 2543, CH-4002 Basel,
Switzerland
Cells of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) growing
in suspension gradually depleted their culture medium and caused a
steady decrease in its osmolality. When confronted with a sudden change in medium osmolality (a hypo-osmotic or hyperosmotic shock),
respectively, these cells responded with volume changes and stress
symptoms such as rapid extracellular alkalinization, efflux of
K+-ions, and induction of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate
synthase acid, the key enzyme of ethylene biosynthesis. This array of
stress symptoms is well known from cultured plant cells treated with microbial elicitors. Compared with elicitor treatment, induction of
responses by hyperosmotic shock was slow and occurred only after
increases of approximately 200,000 Pa in osmotic pressure. In
contrast, hypo-osmotic shock induced responses without measurable lag
and faster than elicitor treatments. Measurable medium alkalinization was induced when medium osmolality was reduced by as little as approximately 10 mosmol, a change corresponding to only
approximately 0.2 bar in osmotic pressure. Like treatment with
elicitors, hypo-osmotic shock induced specific changes in protein
phosphorylations as demonstrated by in vivo labeling with
[33P]orthophosphate. Exposure of cells to consecutive up-
and down-shifts in medium osmolality showed that sensing of osmotic
changes occurred within seconds, whereas adaptation to new osmotic
conditions proceeded over hours. In conclusion, suspension-cultured
plant cells display rapid, easily measurable macroscopic responses to
osmotic shock and provide an interesting model system to study
osmoregulation, a key process in plant growth and development.
*
Corresponding author; e-mail felix{at}fmi.ch; fax
41-61-697-4527.
© 2000 American Society of Plant Physiologists
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