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Plant Physiol, November 2000, Vol. 124, pp. 1315-1326
Inward Potassium Channel in Guard Cells As a Target for Polyamine
Regulation of Stomatal Movements1
Kun
Liu,
Huihua
Fu,
Qixin
Bei, and
Sheng
Luan*
Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of
California, Berkeley, California 94720
A number of studies show that environmental stress conditions such
as drought, high salt, and air pollutants increase polyamine levels in
plant cells. However, little is understood about the physiological
function of elevated polyamine levels. We report here that polyamines
regulate the voltage-dependent inward K+ channel in the
plasma membrane of guard cells and modulate stomatal aperture, a plant
"sensor" to environmental changes. All natural polyamines,
including spermidine, spermine, cadaverine, and putrescine, strongly
inhibited opening and induced closure of stomata. Whole-cell patch-clamp analysis showed that intracellular application of polyamines inhibited the inward K+ current across the
plasma membrane of guard cells. Single-channel recording analysis
indicated that polyamine regulation of the K+ channel
requires unknown cytoplasmic factors. In an effort to identify the
target channel at the molecular level, we found that spermidine
inhibited the inward K+ current carried by KAT1 channel
that was functionally expressed in a plant cell model. These findings
suggest that polyamines target KAT1-like inward K+ channels
in guard cells and modulate stomatal movements, providing a link
between stress conditions, polyamine levels, and stomatal regulation.
1
This work was supported by the U.S. Department
of Agriculture-National Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program
(grant no. 97-35100-4190 to S.L.).
*
Corresponding author; e-mail sluan{at}nature.berkeley.edu; fax
510-642-4995.
© 2000 American Society of Plant Physiologists
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