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Plant Physiol, November 2000, Vol. 124, pp. 1437-1448
Auxin-Induced Ethylene Triggers Abscisic Acid Biosynthesis and
Growth Inhibition1
Hauke
Hansen and
Klaus
Grossmann*
BASF Agricultural Center Limburgerhof, D-67114 Limburgerhof,
Germany
The growth-inhibiting effects of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) at high
concentration and the synthetic auxins
7-chloro-3-methyl-8-quinolinecarboxylic acid (quinmerac),
2-methoxy-3,6-dichlorobenzoic acid (dicamba), 4-amino-3,6,6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram), and naphthalene acetic acid, were investigated in cleavers (Galium
aparine). When plants were root treated with 0.5 mM
IAA, shoot epinasty and inhibition of root and shoot growth developed
during 24 h. Concomitantly, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid
(ACC) synthase activity, and ACC and ethylene production were
transiently stimulated in the shoot tissue within 2 h, followed by
increases in immunoreactive (+)-abscisic acid (ABA) and its precursor
xanthoxal (xanthoxin) after 5 h. After 24 h of treatment,
levels of xanthoxal and ABA were elevated up to 2- and 24-fold,
relative to control, respectively. In plants treated with IAA,
7-chloro-3-methyl-8-quinolinecarboxylic acid, naphthalene acetic acid,
2-methoxy-3,6-dichlorobenzoic acid, and
4-amino-3,6,6-trichloropicolinic acid, levels of ethylene, ACC, and ABA
increased in close correlation with inhibition of shoot growth.
Aminoethoxyvinyl-glycine and cobalt ions, which inhibit ethylene
synthesis, decreased ABA accumulation and growth inhibition, whereas
the ethylene-releasing ethephon promoted ABA levels and growth
inhibition. In accordance, tomato mutants defective in ethylene
perception (never ripe) did not produce the xanthoxal and ABA increases and growth inhibition induced by auxins in wild-type plants. This suggests that auxin-stimulated ethylene triggers ABA
accumulation and the consequent growth inhibition. Reduced catabolism
most probably did not contribute to ABA increase, as indicated by
immunoanalyses of ABA degradation and conjugation products in shoot
tissue and by pulse experiments with [3H]-ABA in cell
suspensions of G. aparine. In contrast, studies using
inhibitors of ABA biosynthesis (fluridone, naproxen, and tungstate),
ABA-deficient tomato mutants (notabilis,
flacca, and sitiens), and quantification
of xanthophylls indicate that ABA biosynthesis is influenced, probably
through stimulated cleavage of xanthophylls to xanthoxal in shoot tissue.
1
This work was supported by the Deutsche
Forschungsgemeinschaft (postdoctoral fellowship no.
HA2735/1-1).
*
Corresponding author; e-mail klaus.grossmann{at}basf-ag.de; fax
49621-60-27176.
© 2000 American Society of Plant Physiologists
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