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Plant Physiol, December 2000, Vol. 124, pp. 1814-1827
The ACA4 Gene of Arabidopsis Encodes a Vacuolar
Membrane Calcium Pump That Improves Salt Tolerance in
Yeast1
Markus
Geisler,2
Nathalie
Frangne,
Eric
Gomès,
Enrico
Martinoia, and
Michael G.
Palmgren*
Department of Plant Biology, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural
University, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
(M.G., E.G., M.G.P.); and Institut de Botanique, Physiologie
Végétale, Université de Neuchâtel, 2007 Neuchatel, Switzerland (N.F., E.M.)
Several lines of evidence suggest that regulation of intracellular
Ca2+ levels is crucial for adaptation of plants to
environmental stress. We have cloned and characterized Arabidopsis
auto-inhibited Ca2+-ATPase, isoform 4 (ACA4), a
calmodulin-regulated Ca2+-ATPase. Confocal laser scanning
data of a green fluorescent protein-tagged version of ACA4 as well as
western-blot analysis of microsomal fractions obtained from two-phase
partitioning and Suc density gradient centrifugation suggest that ACA4
is localized to small vacuoles. The N terminus of ACA4 contains an
auto-inhibitory domain with a binding site for calmodulin as
demonstrated through calmodulin-binding studies and complementation
experiments using the calcium transport yeast mutant K616. ACA4 and
PMC1, the yeast vacuolar Ca2+-ATPase, conferred protection
against osmotic stress such as high NaCl, KCl, and mannitol when
expressed in the K616 strain. An N-terminally modified form of ACA4
specifically conferred increased NaCl tolerance, whereas full-length
ATPase had less effect.
1
This work was supported in part by the
European Union Biotechnology program, the Danish Biotech III program,
and the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation (Feodor-Lynen Fellowship to
M.G.).
2
Present address: Institut de Botanique, Physiologie
Végétale, Université de Neuchâtel, 2007 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
*
Corresponding author; e-mail palmgren{at}biobase.dk; fax
45-3528-3333.
© 2000 American Society of Plant Physiologists
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