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Plant Physiol, January 2001, Vol. 125, pp. 318-328
Free and Conjugated Benzoic Acid in Tobacco Plants and Cell
Cultures. Induced Accumulation upon Elicitation of Defense Responses
and Role as Salicylic Acid Precursors1
Julie
Chong,2
Marie-Agnès
Pierrel,2
Rossitza
Atanassova,3
Danièle
Werck-Reichhart,
Bernard
Fritig, and
Patrick
Saindrenan*
Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du Centre
National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Louis
Pasteur, 67084 Strasbourg cedex, France (J.C., M.-A.P., R.A., B.F.,
P.S.); and Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du Centre
National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Louis Pasteur,
67083 Strasbourg cedex, France (D.W.-R.)
Salicylic acid (SA) is a key endogenous component of local and
systemic disease resistance in plants. In this study, we investigated the role of benzoic acid (BA) as precursor of SA biosynthesis in
tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv Samsun NN) plants
undergoing a hypersensitive response following infection with tobacco
mosaic virus or in tobacco cell suspensions elicited with
 -megaspermin, an elicitor from Phytophthora
megasperma. We found a small pool of conjugated BA in healthy
leaves and untreated cell suspensions of tobacco, whereas free BA
levels were barely detectable. Infection of plants with tobacco mosaic
virus or elicitation of cells led to a rapid de novo synthesis and
accumulation of conjugated BA, whereas free BA was weakly induced. In
presence of diphenylene iodonium, an inhibitor of superoxide anion
formation, SA accumulation was abolished in elicited cells and much
higher BA levels were concomitantly induced, mainly as a conjugated
form. Furthermore, piperonylic acid, an inhibitor of
cinnamate-4-hydroxylase was used as a powerful tool to redirect the
metabolic flow from the main phenylpropanoid pathway into the SA
biosynthetic branch. Under these conditions, in vivo labeling and
radioisotope dilution experiments with
[14C]trans-cinnamic acid as precursor clearly indicated
that the free form of BA produced in elicited tobacco cells is not the major precursor of SA biosynthesis. The main conjugated form of BA
accumulating after elicitation of tobacco cells was identified for the
first time as benzoyl-glucose. Our data point to the likely role of
conjugated forms of BA in SA biosynthesis.
1
This work was supported by the Aventis
fellowships as part of the Bioavenir program with the contribution of
the French Ministry of Education and Research (doctoral to M.-A.P. and
postdoctoral to R.A.) and by the French Ministry of Education and
Research (grant no. 97-5-11603 to J.C.).
2
These authors contributed equally to the paper.
3
Present address: ERS CNRS 6099, Batiment Botanique, 40, avenue du Recteur Pineau, 86022 Poitiers cedex, France.
*
Corresponding author; e-mail
patrick.saindrenan{at}ibmp-ulp.u-strasbg.fr; fax
33-3-88-61-44-42.
© 2001 American Society of Plant Physiologists
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