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Plant Physiol, February 2001, Vol. 125, pp. 539-555
An Investigation of the Storage and Biosynthesis of
Phenylpropenes in Sweet Basil1
David R.
Gang,*
Jihong
Wang,
Natalia
Dudareva,
Kyoung Hee
Nam,
James E.
Simon,
Efraim
Lewinsohn, and
Eran
Pichersky
Department of Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
48109-1048 (D.R.G., J.W., K.H.N., E. P.); Horticulture
Department, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907 (N.D.);
Department of Plant Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New
Jersey 08901 (J.E.S.); and Aromatic, Medicinal, and Spice Crops Unit,
Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, P.O.
Box 1021, Ramat Yishay 30095, Israel (E.L.)
Plants that contain high concentrations of the defense compounds of
the phenylpropene class (eugenol, chavicol, and their derivatives) have
been recognized since antiquity as important spices for human
consumption (e.g. cloves) and have high economic value. Our
understanding of the biosynthetic pathway that produces these compounds
in the plant, however, has remained incomplete. Several lines of basil
(Ocimum basilicum) produce volatile oils that contain
essentially only one or two specific phenylpropene compounds. Like
other members of the Lamiaceae, basil leaves possess on their surface
two types of glandular trichomes, termed peltate and capitate glands.
We demonstrate here that the volatile oil constituents eugenol and
methylchavicol accumulate, respectively, in the peltate glands of basil
lines SW (which produces essentially only eugenol) and EMX-1 (which
produces essentially only methylchavicol). Assays for putative enzymes
in the biosynthetic pathway leading to these phenylpropenes localized
many of the corresponding enzyme activities almost exclusively to the
peltate glands in leaves actively producing volatile oil. An analysis
of an expressed sequence tag database from leaf peltate glands revealed
that known genes for the phenylpropanoid pathway are expressed at very
high levels in these structures, accounting for 13% of the total
expressed sequence tags. An additional 14% of cDNAs encoded enzymes
for the biosynthesis of S-adenosyl-methionine, an
important substrate in the synthesis of many phenylpropenes. Thus, the
peltate glands of basil appear to be highly specialized structures for
the synthesis and storage of phenylpropenes, and serve as an excellent
model system to study phenylpropene biosynthesis.
1
This research was funded by the U.S. Department
of Agriculture-Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund
(grant no. IS2709-96) and by the U.S. Department of Agriculture
National Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program (grant no.
2000-03497). D.R.G. was funded in part by a Margaret and Herman Sokal
Fellowship in the Sciences.
*
Corresponding author; e-mail dgang{at}umich.edu; fax
734-647-0884.
© 2001 American Society of Plant Physiologists
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