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Plant Physiol, February 2001, Vol. 125, pp. 585-594
Altered Patterns of Sucrose Synthase Phosphorylation and
Localization Precede Callose Induction and Root Tip Death in Anoxic
Maize Seedlings1,2
Chalivendra C.
Subbaiah3* and
Martin M.
Sachs
Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana,
Illinois 61801 (C.C.S., M.M.S.); and United States Department of
Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Urbana, Illinois 61801 (M.M.S.)
Root extracts made from maize (Zea mays) seedlings
submerged for 2 h showed an increased 32P-labeling of
a 90-kD polypeptide in a Ca2+-dependent manner. This
protein was identified as sucrose synthase (SS) by immunoprecipitation
and mutant analysis. Metabolic labeling with
32Pi indicated that the aerobic levels of SS
phosphorylation were maintained up to 2 h of anoxia. In contrast,
during prolonged anoxia the protein was under-phosphorylated, and by
48 h most of the protein existed in the unphosphorylated form. In
seedlings submerged for 2 h or longer, a part of SS became
associated with the microsomal fraction and this membrane localization
of SS was confined only to the root tip. This redistribution of SS in
the root tip preceded callose induction, an indicator of cell death. The sh1 mutants showed sustained SS phosphorylation and
lacked the anoxia-induced relocation of SS, indicating that it was the SH1 form of the enzyme that was redistributed during anoxia. The sh1 mutants also showed less callose deposition and
greater tolerance to prolonged anoxia than their non-mutant siblings.
EGTA accentuated anoxic effects on membrane localization of SS and
callose accumulation, whereas Ca2+ addition reversed the
EGTA effects. These results indicate that the membrane localization of
SS is an important early event in the anoxic root tip, probably
associated with the differential anoxic tolerance of the two SS
mutants. We propose that beside the transcriptional control of genes
encoding SS, the reversible phosphorylation of SS provides a potent
regulatory mechanism of sugar metabolism in response to developmental
and environmental signals.
1
This work is supported by the National Research
Initiative Competitive Grants Program (grant no. 96-35100-3143 to
M.M.S. and C.C.S.) from the U.S. Department of Agriculture and by the
Illinois Council of Food and Agricultural Research (grant no.
00I-062-3 to C.C.S.).
2
Product names are necessary to report factually
on available data; however, neither the U.S. Department of Agriculture
nor the University of Illinois guarantees or warrants the standard of
the product, and the use of the names implies no approval of the product to the exclusion of others that may be suitable.
3
Present address: DNA Plant Technology Corporation, 6701 San Pablo Avenue, Oakland, CA 94608-1239.
*
Corresponding author; e-mail Chalivendra{at}dnap.com; fax
510-547-2817.
© 2001 American Society of Plant Physiologists
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