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Plant Physiol, February 2001, Vol. 125, pp. 615-626
Direct Evidence of Active and Rapid Nuclear Degradation Triggered
by Vacuole Rupture during Programmed Cell Death in
Zinnia1
Keisuke
Obara,*
Hideo
Kuriyama, and
Hiroo
Fukuda
Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science,
University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
Differentiation into a tracheary element (TE) is a typical example
of programmed cell death (PCD) in the developmental processes of
vascular plants. In the PCD process the TE degrades its cellular contents and becomes a hollow corpse that serves as a water conduct. Using a zinnia (Zinnia elegans) cell culture we obtained
serial observations of single living cells undergoing TE PCD by
confocal laser scanning microscopy. Vital staining was performed and
the relative fluorescence intensity was measured, revealing that the tonoplast of the swollen vacuole in TEs loses selective permeability of
fluorescein just before its physical rupture. After the vacuole ruptured the nucleus was degraded rapidly within 10 to 20 min. No
prominent chromatin condensation or nuclear fragmentation occurred in
this process. Nucleoids in chloroplasts were also degraded in a similar
time course to that of the nucleus. Degradations did not occur in
non-TEs forced to rupture the vacuole by probenecid treatment. These
results demonstrate that TE differentiation involves a unique type of
PCD in which active and rapid nuclear degradation is triggered by
vacuole rupture.
1
This work was supported in part by the Ministry
of Education, Science, Sports and Culture of Japan (grant nos.
10304063, 10219201, and 10182101 to H.F.; grant nos. 10158204 and
09740587 to T.D.) and by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
(grant no. JSPS-RFTF96L00605 to H.F.).
*
Corresponding author; e-mail ss96314{at}mail.ecc.u-tokyo.ac.jp; fax
81-3-5841-4462.
© 2001 American Society of Plant Physiologists
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