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Plant Physiol, February 2001, Vol. 125, pp. 662-672
Mitochondrial Biogenesis during Germination in Maize
Embryos1
David C.
Logan,2*
A. Harvey
Millar,3
Lee J.
Sweetlove,
Steven A.
Hill, and
Christopher J.
Leaver
Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks
Road, Oxford OX1 3RB, United Kingdom
Mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolism were investigated during
maize (Zea mays) seed germination. Mitochondria from dry and imbibed seed exhibited NADH-dependent O2 uptake that
was completely inhibited by KCN and antimycin A. Mitochondria in the
dry seed had a lower rate of succinate-dependent O2 uptake
relative to that measured in imbibed and germinated seed. The
activities of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzymes, pyruvate
dehydrogenase complex, 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex, NAD-malic
enzyme, and citrate synthase, are similarly low in mitochondria from
dry seed and this correlates with a lower relative abundance of the mitochondrial matrix-located citrate synthase and pyruvate
dehydrogenase complex E1 -subunit polypeptides. Electron microscopy
revealed that mitochondria in the dry seed have a poorly developed
internal membrane structure with few cristae; following 24 h of
germination the mitochondria developed a more normal structure with
more developed cristae. The mitochondria from maize embryos could be
fractionated into two subpopulations by Suc density gradient
centrifugation: one subpopulation of buoyant density equivalent to 22%
to 28% (w/w) Suc; the other equivalent to 37% to 42% (w/w) Suc.
These two subpopulations had different activities of specific
mitochondrial enzymes and contained different amounts of specific
mitochondrial proteins as revealed by western-blot analysis. Both
subpopulations from the dry embryo were comprised of poorly developed
mitochondria. However, during imbibition mitochondria in the heavy
fraction (37%-42% [w/w] Suc) progressively acquired
characteristics of fully functional mitochondria found in the
germinated seedling in terms of structure, enzymic activity, and
protein complement. In contrast, mitochondria in the light fraction
(22% to 28% [w/w] Suc) show no significant structural change during
imbibition and the amounts of specific mitochondrial proteins decreased
significantly during germination.
1
This research was supported by the Biotechnology
and Biological Science Research Council-Realizing Our Potential
Award and by the Human Frontier Science Programme (postdoctoral
fellowship to A.H.M.).
2
Present address: Plant Laboratory, School of
Biology, Sir Harold Mitchell Building, University of St.
Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9TH, UK.
3
Present address: Department of Biochemistry,
University of Western Australia, Nedlands, W.A. 6907, Australia.
*
Corresponding author; e-mail dcl1{at}st-andrews.ac.uk; fax
44-1334-463366.
© 2001 American Society of Plant Physiologists
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