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Plant Physiol, February 2001, Vol. 125, pp. 912-925

Origin of the Cytoplasmic pH Changes during Anaerobic Stress in Higher Plant Cells. Carbon-13 and Phosphorous-31 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies

Elisabeth Gout, Anne-Marie Boisson, Serge Aubert, Roland Douce, and Richard Bligny*

Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire Végétale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5019 (Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Joseph Fourier), Département de Biologie Moléculaire et Structurale, CEA-Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble cedex 9, France

We tested the contribution of nucleoside triphosphate (NTP) hydrolysis, ethanol, and organic acid syntheses, and H+-pump ATPases activity in the acidosis of anoxic sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus) plant cells. Culture cells were chosen to alter NTP pools and fermentation with specific nutrient media (phosphate [Pi]-deprived and adenine- or glycerol-supplied). In vivo 31P- and 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was utilized to noninvasively measure intracellular pHs, Pi, phosphomonoesters, nucleotides, lactate, and ethanol. Following the onset of anoxia, cytoplasmic (cyt) pH (7.5) decreased to 6.8 within 4 to 5 min, whereas vacuolar pH (5.7) and external pH (6.5) remained stable. The NTP pool simultaneously decreased from 210 to <20 nmol g-1 cell wet weight, whereas nuceloside diphosphate, nucleoside monophosphate, and cyt pH increased correspondingly. The initial cytoplasmic acidification was at a minimum in Pi-deprived cells containing little NTP, and at a maximum in adenine-incubated cells showing the highest NTP concentration. Our data show that the release of H+ ions accompanying the Pi-liberating hydrolysis of NTP was the principal cause of the initial cyt pH drop and that this cytoplasmic acidosis was not overcome by H+ extrusion. After 15 min of anoxia, a partial cyt-pH recovery observed in cells supplied with Glc, but not with glycerol, was attributed to the H+-consuming ATP synthesis accompanying ethanolic fermentation. Following re-oxygenation, the cyt pH recovered its initial value (7.5) within 2 to 3 min, whereas external pH decreased abruptly. We suggest that the H+-pumping ATPase located in the plasma membrane was blocked in anoxia and quickly reactivated after re-oxygenation.

* Corresponding author; e-mail rbligny{at}cea.fr.; fax 33-4-76- 88-50-91.

© 2001 American Society of Plant Physiologists


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