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Plant Physiol, March 2001, Vol. 125, pp. 1517-1528
A Terminal Flower1-Like Gene from Perennial Ryegrass
Involved in Floral Transition and Axillary Meristem
Identity1
Christian S.
Jensen,
Klaus
Salchert,* and
Klaus K.
Nielsen
Department of Plant Biology and Biogeochemistry, RISOE
National Laboratory, P.O. Box 49, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark (C.S.J.,
K.S., K.K.N.); and DLF-TRIFOLIUM A/S, Research Division 31, Hoejerupvej, P.O. Box 19, DK-4660 Store Heddinge, Denmark
(K.K.N.)
Control of flowering and the regulation of plant architecture have
been thoroughly investigated in a number of well-studied dicot plants
such as Arabidopsis, Antirrhinum, and tobacco. However, in many important monocot seed crops, molecular information on plant
reproduction is still limited. To investigate the regulation of
meristem identity and the control of floral transition in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) we isolated a ryegrass
TERMINAL FLOWER1-like gene, LpTFL1, and
characterized it for its function in ryegrass flower development.
Perennial ryegrass requires a cold treatment of at least 12 weeks to
induce flowering. During this period a decrease in
LpTFL1 message was detected in the ryegrass apex. However, upon subsequent induction with elevated temperatures and
long-day photoperiods, LpTFL1 message levels increased
and reached a maximum when the ryegrass apex has formed visible
spikelets. Arabidopsis plants overexpressing LpTFL1 were
significantly delayed in flowering and exhibited dramatic changes in
architecture such as extensive lateral branching, increased growth of
all vegetative organs, and a highly increased trichome production.
Furthermore, overexpression of LpTFL1 was able to
complement the phenotype of the severe tfl1-14 mutant of
Arabidopsis. Analysis of the LpTFL1 promoter fused to
the UidA gene in Arabidopsis revealed that the promoter
is active in axillary meristems, but not the apical meristem. Therefore, we suggest that LpTFL1 is a repressor of
flowering and a controller of axillary meristem identity in ryegrass.
1
This work was supported in part by the Danish
Research Academy.
*
Corresponding author; e-mail klaus.salchert{at}risoe.dk; fax
45-46-77-42-82.
© 2001 American Society of Plant Physiologists
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