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Plant Physiol, April 2001, Vol. 125, pp. 1591-1602
Release of Reactive Oxygen Intermediates (Superoxide Radicals,
Hydrogen Peroxide, and Hydroxyl Radicals) and Peroxidase in Germinating
Radish Seeds Controlled by Light, Gibberellin, and Abscisic
Acid1
Peter
Schopfer,*
Claudia
Plachy, and
Gitta
Frahry
Institut für Biologie II der Universität,
Schänzlestrasse 1, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
Germination of radish (Raphanus sativus cv Eterna)
seeds can be inhibited by far-red light (high-irradiance reaction of
phytochrome) or abscisic acid (ABA). Gibberellic acid (GA3)
restores full germination under far-red light. This experimental system
was used to investigate the release of reactive oxygen intermediates
(ROI) by seed coats and embryos during germination, utilizing the
apoplastic oxidation of 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin to fluorescent
2',7'-dichlorofluorescein as an in vivo assay. Germination in darkness
is accompanied by a steep rise in ROI release originating from the seed
coat (living aleurone layer) as well as the embryo. At the same time as
the inhibition of germination, far-red light and ABA inhibit ROI
release in both seed parts and GA3 reverses this inhibition
when initiating germination under far-red light. During the later stage
of germination the seed coat also releases peroxidase with a time
course affected by far-red light, ABA, and GA3. The
participation of superoxide radicals, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl
radicals in ROI metabolism was demonstrated with specific in vivo
assays. ROI production by germinating seeds represents an active,
developmentally controlled physiological function, presumably for
protecting the emerging seedling against attack by pathogens.
1
This work was supported by the Land
Baden-Württemberg (doctoral fellowship to G.F.), and in part by
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.
*
Corresponding author; e-mail schopfer{at}uni-freiburg.de; fax
49-761-203-2612.
© 2001 American Society of Plant Physiologists
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