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Plant Physiol, April 2001, Vol. 125, pp. 1700-1709

Xylem Cavitation in the Leaf of Prunus laurocerasus and Its Impact on Leaf Hydraulics1

Andrea Nardini, Melvin T. Tyree,* and Sebastiano Salleo

Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy (A.N., S.S.); and United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Aiken Forestry Sciences Laboratory, P.O. Box 968, Burlington, Vermont 05402 (M.T.T.)

This paper reports how water stress correlates with changes in hydraulic conductivity of stems, leaf midrib, and whole leaves of Prunus laurocerasus. Water stress caused cavitation-induced dysfunction in vessels of P. laurocerasus. Cavitation was detected acoustically by counts of ultrasonic acoustic emissions and by the loss of hydraulic conductivity measured by a vacuum chamber method. Stems and midribs were approximately equally vulnerable to cavitations. Although midribs suffered a 70% loss of hydraulic conductance at leaf water potentials of -1.5 MPa, there was less than a 10% loss of hydraulic conductance in whole leaves. Cutting and sealing the midrib 20 mm from the leaf base caused only a 30% loss of conduction of the whole leaf. A high-pressure flow meter was used to measure conductance of whole leaves and as the leaf was progressively cut back from tip to base. These data were fitted to a model of hydraulic conductance of leaves that explained the above results, i.e. redundancy in hydraulic pathways whereby water can flow around embolized regions in the leaf, makes whole leaves relatively insensitive to significant changes in conductance of the midrib. The onset of cavitation events in P. laurocerasus leaves correlated with the onset of stomatal closure as found recently in studies of other species in our laboratory.

1 This work was supported by the Italian Ministry for University and Scientific and Technological Research.

* Corresponding author; e-mail MelTyree{at}aol.com; fax 802-951-6368.

© 2001 American Society of Plant Physiologists


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