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Plant Physiol, April 2001, Vol. 125, pp. 1788-1801
Evolution of Floral Meristem Identity Genes. Analysis of
Lolium temulentum Genes Related to APETALA1 and
LEAFY of Arabidopsis1
Greg F.W.
Gocal,2
Rod W.
King,*
Cheryl A.
Blundell,
Owen M.
Schwartz,
Claus H.
Andersen, and
Detlef
Weigel
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization,
Division of Plant Industry, G.P.O. Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia (G.F.W.G., R.W.K., C.B.); Plant Biology Laboratory, The Salk
Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La
Jolla, California 92037 (G.F.W.G., D.W.); Research School of Biological
Science, The Australian National University, G.P.O. Box 475, Canberra,
ACT 2601, Australia (O.M.S.); and DLF-Trifolium A/S, Risø
National Laboratory, Frederiksborgvej 399, P.O. Box 49, DK-4000
Roskilde, Denmark (C.H.A.)
Flowering (inflorescence formation) of the grass Lolium
temulentum is strictly regulated, occurring rapidly on exposure
to a single long day (LD). During floral induction, L.
temulentum differs significantly from dicot species such as
Arabidopsis in the expression, at the shoot apex, of two
APETALA1 (AP1)-like genes, LtMADS1 and
LtMADS2, and of L. temulentum LEAFY
(LtLFY). As shown by in situ hybridization,
LtMADS1 and LtMADS2 are expressed in the
vegetative shoot apical meristem, but expression increases strongly
within 30 h of LD floral induction. Later in floral development, LtMADS1 and LtMADS2 are expressed within
spikelet and floret meristems and in the glume and lemma primordia. It
is interesting that LtLFY is detected quite late (about
12 d after LD induction) within the spikelet meristems, glumes,
and lemma primordia. These patterns contrast with Arabidopsis, where
LFY and AP1 are consecutively activated
early during flower formation. LtMADS2, when expressed in transgenic Arabidopsis plants under the control of the
AP1 promoter, could partially complement the organ
number defect of the severe ap1-15 mutant allele,
confirming a close relationship between LtMADS2 and
AP1.
1
This work was supported by the National Science
Foundation (grant no. MCB-00-78277 to D.W.).
2
Present address: ValiGen, Plant and Industrial Products
Division, 11180 Roselle Street, San Diego, CA 92121.
*
Corresponding author; email r.king{at}pi.csiro.au; fax
61-262465000.
© 2001 American Society of Plant Physiologists
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