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Plant Physiol, April 2001, Vol. 125, pp. 1802-1812
Non-Targeted and Targeted Protein Movement through Plasmodesmata
in Leaves in Different Developmental and Physiological
States1
Katrina M.
Crawford and
Patricia C.
Zambryski*
University of California, Department of Plant and Microbial
Biology, Berkeley, California 94720
Plant cells rely on plasmodesmata for intercellular transport of
small signaling molecules as well as larger informational macromolecules such as proteins. A green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter and low-pressure microprojectile bombardment were used to
quantify the degree of symplastic continuity between cells of the leaf
at different developmental stages and under different growth
conditions. Plasmodesmata were observed to be closed to the transport
of GFP or dilated to allow the traffic of GFP. In sink leaves, between
34% and 67% of the cells transport GFP (27 kD), and between 30% and
46% of the cells transport double GFP (54 kD). In leaves in transition
transport was reduced; between 21% and 46% and between 2% and 9% of
cells transport single and double GFP, respectively. Thus, leaf age
dramatically affects the ability of cells to exchange proteins
nonselectively. Further, the number of cells allowing GFP or double GFP
movement was sensitive to growth conditions because greenhouse-grown
plants exhibited higher diffusion rates than culture-grown plants.
These studies reveal that leaf cell plasmodesmata are dynamic and do
not have a set size exclusion limit. We also examined targeted movement of the movement protein of tobacco mosaic virus fused to GFP, P30::GFP. This 58-kD fusion protein localizes to
plasmodesmata, consistently transits from up to 78% of transfected
cells, and was not sensitive to developmental age or growth conditions.
The relative number of cells containing dilated plasmodesmata varies between different species of tobacco, with Nicotiana
clevelandii exhibiting greater diffusion of proteins than
Nicotiana tabacum.
1
This work was supported by the National
Institutes of Health (grant no. GM45244).
*
Corresponding author; e-mail zambrysk{at}nature.berkeley.edu; fax
510-642-4995.
© 2001 American Society of Plant Physiologists
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