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Plant Physiol, April 2001, Vol. 125, pp. 2078-2084
Different Pathways Are Involved in Phosphate and Iron
Stress-Induced Alterations of Root Epidermal Cell
Development1
Wolfgang
Schmidt* and
Adam
Schikora
Fachbereich Biologie, Geo und Umweltwissenschaften, Carl von
Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Postfach
2503, Germany
Low bioavailability of phosphorus (P) and iron (Fe) induces
morphogenetic changes in roots that lead to a higher surface-to-volume ratio. In Arabidopsis, an enlargement in the absorptive surface area is
achieved by an increase in the length and frequency of hairs in roots
of Fe- and P-deficient plants. The extra root hairs are often located
in positions that are occupied with non-hair cells under normal
conditions, i.e. over a tangential wall of underlying cortical cells.
An involvement of auxin and ethylene in root epidermis cell development
of Fe- and P-deficient plants was inferred from phenotypical analysis
of hormone-related Arabidopsis mutants and from the application of
substances that interfere with either synthesis, transport, or
perception of the hormones. Application of the ethylene precursor
1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid or the auxin analog 2,4-D
caused a marked increase in root hair density in plants of all growth
types and confers a phenotype characteristic of ethylene-overproducing
mutants. Hormone insensitivity and application of hormone antagonists
inhibited the initiation of extranumerary root hairs induced by Fe
deficiency, but did not counteract the formation of extra hairs in
response to P deprivation. A model is presented summarizing putative
pathways for alterations in root epidermal cell patterning induced by
environmental stress.
1
This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.
*
Corresponding author; e-mail wschmidt{at}uni-oldenburg.de; fax
41-441-7983331.
© 2001 American Society of Plant Physiologists
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