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Plant Physiol, May 2001, Vol. 126, pp. 397-410
Aluminum Activates a Citrate-Permeable Anion Channel in the
Aluminum-Sensitive Zone of the Maize Root Apex. A Comparison Between
an Aluminum- Sensitive and an Aluminum-Resistant
Cultivar1
Malte
Kollmeier,
Petra
Dietrich,
Claudia S.
Bauer,
Walter J.
Horst,* and
Rainer
Hedrich
Institute of Plant Nutrition, University of Hannover,
Herrenhäuser Strasse 2, D-30419 Hannover, Germany (M.K.,
W.J.H.); and Lehrstuhl für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie und
Biophysik, Julius-von-Sachs Institut für Biowissenschaften,
University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, D-97082
Würzburg, Germany (P.D., C.S.B., R.H.)
In search for the cellular and molecular basis for differences in
aluminum (Al) resistance between maize (Zea mays)
cultivars we applied the patch-clamp technique to protoplasts isolated
from the apical root cortex of two maize cultivars differing in Al resistance. Measurements were performed on protoplasts from two apical
root zones: The 1- to 2-mm zone (DTZ), described as most Al-sensitive,
and the main elongation zone (3-5 mm), the site of Al-induced
inhibition of cell elongation. Al stimulated citrate and malate efflux
from intact root apices, revealing cultivar differences. In the
elongation zone, anion channels were not observed in the absence and
presence of Al. Preincubation of intact roots with 90 µM
Al for 1 h induced a citrate- and malate-permeable, large
conductance anion channel in 80% of the DTZ protoplasts from the
resistant cultivar, but only 30% from the sensitive cultivar. When Al
was applied to the protoplasts in the whole-cell configuration, anion
currents were elicited within 10 min in the resistant cultivar only.
La3+ was not able to replace or counteract with
Al3+ in the activation of this channel. In the
presence of the anion-channel blockers, niflumic acid and 4, 4'-dinitrostilbene-2, 2'disulfonic acid, anion currents as well as
exudation rates were strongly inhibited. Application of cycloheximide
did not affect the Al response, suggesting that the channel is
activated through post-translational modifications. We propose that the
Al-activated large anion channel described here contributes to enhanced
genotypical Al resistance by facilitating the exudation of organic acid
anions from the DTZ of the maize root apex.
1
This work was supported by the Deutsche
Forschungsgemeinschaft within the Special Research Program 717 "The
Apoplast of Higher Plants" (awards to W.J.H. and R.H.).
*
Corresponding author; e-mail horst{at}mbox.pflern.unihannover.de;
fax 0049-511-7623611.
© 2001 American Society of Plant Physiologists
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