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Plant Physiol, June 2001, Vol. 126, pp. 564-574
The Biological Functions of Glutathione Revisited in Arabidopsis
Transgenic Plants with Altered Glutathione
Levels1
Chengbin
Xiang,
Bonnie L.
Werner,
E'Lise M.
Christensen, and
David
J.
Oliver*
Department of Botany, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
50011
A functional analysis of the role of glutathione in protecting
plants from environmental stress was undertaken by studying Arabidopsis
that had been genetically modified to have altered glutathione levels.
The steady-state glutathione concentration in Arabidopsis plants was
modified by expressing the cDNA for  -glutamyl-cysteine synthetase
(GSH1) in both the sense and antisense orientation. The
resulting plants had glutathione levels that ranged between 3% and
200% of the level in wild-type plants. Arabidopsis plants with low
glutathione levels were hypersensitive to Cd due to the limited
capacity of these plants to make phytochelatins. Plants with the lowest
levels of reduced glutathione (10% of wild type) were sensitive to as
little as 5 µM Cd, whereas those with 50% wild-type
levels required higher Cd concentrations to inhibit growth. Elevating
glutathione levels did not increase metal resistance. It is interesting
that the plants with low glutathione levels were also less able to
accumulate anthocyanins supporting a role for glutathione
S-transferases for anthocyanin formation or for the vacuolar
localization and therefore accumulation of these compounds. Plants with
less than 5% of wild-type glutathione levels were smaller and more
sensitive to environmental stress but otherwise grew normally.
1
This work was supported by the U.S. Department
of Agriculture National Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program
(grant no. 99-35100-7545) and is a publication of the Iowa
Agricultural Experiment Station.
*
Corresponding author; e-mail doliver{at}iastate.edu; fax
515-294-1337.
© 2001 American Society of Plant Physiologists
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