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Plant Physiol, June 2001, Vol. 126, pp. 656-669

The Heme-Oxygenase Family Required for Phytochrome Chromophore Biosynthesis Is Necessary for Proper Photomorphogenesis in Higher Plants1

Seth J. Davis,2 Seong Hee Bhoo, Adam M. Durski, Joseph M. Walker, and Richard D. Vierstra*

Laboratory of Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, and the Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin, 1575 Linden Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706

The committed step in the biosynthesis of the phytochrome chromophore phytochromobilin involves the oxidative cleavage of heme by a heme oxygenase (HO) to form biliverdin IXalpha . Through positional cloning of the photomorphogenic mutant hy1, the Arabidopsis HO (designated AtHO1) responsible for much of phytochromobilin synthesis recently was identified. Using the AtHO1 sequence, we identified families of HO genes in a number of plants that cluster into two subfamilies (HO1- and HO2-like). The tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) yg-2 and Nicotiana plumbaginifolia pew1 photomorphogenic mutants are defective in specific HO genes. Phenotypic analysis of a T-DNA insertion mutant of Arabidopsis HO2 revealed that the second HO subfamily also contributes to phytochromobilin synthesis. Homozygous ho2-1 plants show decreased chlorophyll accumulation, reduced growth rate, accelerated flowering time, and reduced de-etiolation. A mixture of apo- and holo-phyA was detected in etiolated ho2-1 seedlings, suggesting that phytochromobilin is limiting in this mutant, even in the presence of functional AtHO1. The patterns of Arabidopsis HO1 and HO2 expression suggest that the products of both genes overlap temporally and spatially. Taken together, the family of HOs is important for phytochrome-mediated development in a number of plants and that each family member may uniquely contribute to the phytochromobilin pool needed to assemble holo-phytochromes.

1 This work was supported by the Department of Energy Division of Basic Energy Sciences (grant no. DE-FG02-88ER13968), by the Research Division of the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences (grant no. Hatch-N936 to R.D.V.), and by a National Institutes of Health predoctoral fellowship (no. 5 T32 GM07133 to S.J.D.).

2 Present address: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.

* Corresponding author; e-mail vierstra{at}facstaff.wisc.edu; fax 608-262-4743.

© 2001 American Society of Plant Physiologists


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