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Plant Physiol, June 2001, Vol. 126, pp. 670-684
The Rop GTPase Switch Controls Multiple Developmental Processes
in Arabidopsis1
Hai
Li,23
Jun-Jiang
Shen,2
Zhi-Liang
Zheng,
Yakang
Lin,4 and
Zhenbiao
Yang*
Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California,
Riverside, California 92521
G proteins are universal molecular switches in eukaryotic signal
transduction. The Arabidopsis genome sequence reveals no RAS small
GTPase and only one or a few heterotrimeric G proteins, two predominant
classes of signaling G proteins found in animals. In contrast,
Arabidopsis possesses a unique family of 11 Rop GTPases that belong to
the Rho family of small GTPases. Previous studies indicate that Rop
controls actin-dependent pollen tube growth and
H2O2-dependent defense responses. In this
study, we tested the hypothesis that the Rop GTPase acts as a versatile
molecular switch in signaling to multiple developmental processes in
Arabidopsis. Immunolocalization using a general antibody against the
Rop family proteins revealed a ubiquitous distribution of Rop proteins
in all vegetative and reproductive tissues and cells in Arabidopsis. The cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter-directed expression of
constitutively active GTP-bound rop2 (CA-rop2) and dominant negative
GDP-bound rop2 (DN-rop2) mutant genes impacted many aspects of plant
growth and development, including embryo development, seed dormancy,
seedling development, lateral root initiation, morphogenesis of lateral
organs in the shoot, shoot apical dominance and growth, phyllotaxis,
and lateral organ orientation. The rop2 transgenic
plants also displayed altered responses to the exogenous application of
several hormones, such as abscisic acid-mediated seed dormancy,
auxin-dependent lateral shoot initiation, and brassinolide-mediated hypocotyl elongation. CA-rop2 and DN-rop2
expression had opposite effects on most of the affected processes,
supporting a direct signaling role for Rop in regulating these
processes. Based on these observations and previous results, we propose
that Rop2 and other members of the Rop family participate in multiple
distinct signaling pathways that control plant growth, development, and responses to the environment.
1
This work was supported by the U.S. Department
of Agriculture and Department of Energy grants (to
Z.Y.).
2
These authors contributed equally to this work.
3
Present address: Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory,
Salk Institute, San Diego, CA 92186.
4
Present address: Neurobiotechnology Center, The Ohio
State University, Columbus, OH 43210.
*
Corresponding author; e-mail zhenbiao.yang{at}ucr.edu; fax
909-787-4437.
© 2001 American Society of Plant Physiologists
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