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Plant Physiol, June 2001, Vol. 126, pp. 759-769
Rapid Accumulation of Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Bisphosphate
and Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Correlates with Calcium
Mobilization in Salt-Stressed Arabidopsis1
Daryll B.
DeWald,*
Javad
Torabinejad,
Christopher A.
Jones,
Joseph
C.
Shope,
Amanda R.
Cangelosi,
James E.
Thompson,
Glenn D.
Prestwich, and
Hiroko
Hama2
Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah
84322-5305 (D.B.D., J.T., C.A.J., J.C.S., A.R.C., J.E.T., H.H.);
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City,
Utah 84112-5820 (G.D.P.); and Center for Cell Signaling, 421 Wakara
Way, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108 (D.B.D., G.D.P.)
The phosphoinositide phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate
[PtdIns(4,5)P2] is a key signaling molecule in animal
cells. It can be hydrolyzed to release 1,2-diacyglycerol and inositol
1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3), which in animal cells lead to
protein kinase C activation and cellular calcium mobilization,
respectively. In addition to its critical roles in constitutive and
regulated secretion of proteins, PtdIns(4,5)P2 binds to
proteins that modify cytoskeletal architecture and phospholipid
constituents. Herein, we report that Arabidopsis plants grown in liquid
media rapidly increase PtdIns(4,5)P2 synthesis in response
to treatment with sodium chloride, potassium chloride, and sorbitol.
These results demonstrate that when challenged with salinity and
osmotic stress, terrestrial plants respond differently than algae,
yeasts, and animal cells that accumulate different species of
phosphoinositides. We also show data demonstrating that whole-plant
IP3 levels increase significantly within 1 min of stress
initiation, and that IP3 levels continue to increase for
more than 30 min during stress application. Furthermore, using the
calcium indicators Fura-2 and Fluo-3 we show that root intracellular
calcium concentrations increase in response to stress treatments. Taken
together, these results suggest that in response to salt and osmotic
stress, Arabidopsis uses a signaling pathway in which a small but
significant portion of PtdIns(4,5)P2 is hydrolyzed to
IP3. The accumulation of IP3 occurs during a
time frame similar to that observed for stress-induced calcium
mobilization. These data also suggest that the majority of the
PtdIns(4,5)P2 synthesized in response to salt and osmotic
stress may be utilized for cellular signaling events distinct from the
canonical IP3 signaling pathway.
1
This study was supported in part by the U.S.
Department of Agriculture (grant no. 1999-01871 to D.B.D. and H.H.),
by the American Cancer Society (grant no. RPG-00-126-01-TBE to
D.B.D.), by the U.S. National Institutes of Health (grant no. NS29632
to G.D.P.), and by the Utah Agricultural Experiment Station. This is
Utah Agricultural Experiment Station paper no. 7,358.
2
Present address: Department of Biochemistry, Medical
University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425.
*
Corresponding author; e-mail dewald{at}biology.usu.edu; fax
435-797-1575.
© 2001 American Society of Plant Physiologists
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