Plant Physiol. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
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Plant Physiol, July 2001, Vol. 126, pp. 1196-1204

Nitric Oxide Induces Stomatal Closure and Enhances the Adaptive Plant Responses against Drought Stress1

Carlos García-Mata and Lorenzo Lamattina*

Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, CC 1245, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina

Nitric oxide (NO) is a very active molecule involved in many and diverse biological pathways where it has proved to be protective against damages provoked by oxidative stress conditions. In this work, we studied the effect of two NO donors, sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine SNP-treated on the response of wheat (Triticum aestivum) to water stress conditions. After 2 and 3 h of drought, detached wheat leaves pretreated with 150 µM SNP retained up to 15% more water than those pretreated with water or NO2-/NO3-. The effect of SNP treatment on water retention was also found in wheat seedlings after 7 d of drought. These results were consistent with a 20% decrease in the transpiration rate of SNP-treated detached wheat leaves for the same analyzed time. In parallel experiments, NO was also able to induce a 35%, 30%, and 65% of stomatal closure in three different species, Tradescantia sp. (monocotyledonous) and two dicotyledonous, Salpichroa organifolia and fava bean (Vicia faba), respectively. In SNP-treated leaves of Tradescantia sp., the stomatal closure was correlated with a 10% increase on RWC. Ion leakage, a cell injury index, was 25% lower in SNP-treated wheat leaves compared with control ones after the recovery period. Carboxy-PTIO (2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide), a specific NO scavenger, reverted SNP action by restoring the transpiration rate, stomatal aperture, and the ion leakage to the level found in untreated leaves. Northern-blot analysis showed that SNP-treated wheat leaves display a 2-fold accumulation of a group three late embryogenesis abundant transcript with respect to control leaves both after 2 and 4 h of drought periods. All together, these results suggest that the exogenous application of NO donors might confer an increased tolerance to severe drought stress conditions in plants.

1 This work was supported by the Agency Nacional de Promoción Científica Tecnológica (grant nos. PICT 01349-97 and PICT 1-6496-99 to L.L.), by Conicet (grant no. PIP 0898/98 to L.L.), and by institutional grants from Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (Argentina). L.L. is a career member from the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas and C.G.M. is a research fellow from Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica.

* Corresponding author; e-mail lolama{at}mdp.edu.ar; fax 54-223-475-3150.

© 2001 American Society of Plant Physiologists


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