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Plant Physiol, July 2001, Vol. 126, pp. 1266-1274

Mitochondrial Adaptations to NaCl. Complex I Is Protected by Anti-Oxidants and Small Heat Shock Proteins, Whereas Complex II Is Protected by Proline and Betaine1

E. William Hamilton III* and Scott A. Heckathorn

Department of Biology, Syracuse University, 130 College Place, Syracuse, New York 13244-1220

High soil sodium (Na) is a common stress in natural and agricultural systems. Roots are usually the first tissues exposed to Na stress and Na stress-related impairment of mitochondrial function is likely to be particularly important in roots. However, neither the effects of NaCl on mitochondrial function, nor its protection by several potential adaptive mechanisms, have been well studied. This study investigated the effects of NaCl stress on maize (Zea mays) mitochondrial electron transport and its relative protection by osmoprotectants (proline, betaine, and sucrose), antioxidants (ascorbate, glutathione, and alpha -tocopherol), antioxidant enzymes (catalase and Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase), and mitochondrial small heat shock proteins (sHsps). We demonstrate that Complex I electron transport is protected by antioxidants and sHsps, but not osmoprotectants, whereas Complex II is protected only by low concentrations of proline and betaine. These results indicate that NaCl stress damaged Complex I via oxidative stress and suggests that sHsps may protect Complex I as antioxidants, but NaCl damaged Complex II directly. This is the first study to demonstrate that NaCl stress differentially affects Complex I and II in plants and that protection of Complex I and II during NaCl stress is achieved by different mechanisms.

1 This research was supported by the National Science Foundation (grant to S.A.H.).

* Corresponding author; e-mail hamiltone{at}wlu.edu; fax 315-443-2012.

© 2001 American Society of Plant Physiologists


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