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Plant Physiol, July 2001, Vol. 126, pp. 1266-1274
Mitochondrial Adaptations to NaCl. Complex I Is Protected by
Anti-Oxidants and Small Heat Shock Proteins, Whereas Complex II Is
Protected by Proline and Betaine1
E. William
Hamilton III* and
Scott A.
Heckathorn
Department of Biology, Syracuse University, 130 College Place,
Syracuse, New York 13244-1220
High soil sodium (Na) is a common stress in natural and
agricultural systems. Roots are usually the first tissues exposed to Na
stress and Na stress-related impairment of mitochondrial function is
likely to be particularly important in roots. However, neither the
effects of NaCl on mitochondrial function, nor its protection by
several potential adaptive mechanisms, have been well studied. This
study investigated the effects of NaCl stress on maize (Zea
mays) mitochondrial electron transport and its relative protection by osmoprotectants (proline, betaine, and sucrose), antioxidants (ascorbate, glutathione, and  -tocopherol), antioxidant enzymes (catalase and Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase), and mitochondrial small heat shock proteins (sHsps). We demonstrate that Complex I
electron transport is protected by antioxidants and sHsps, but not
osmoprotectants, whereas Complex II is protected only by low concentrations of proline and betaine. These results indicate that NaCl
stress damaged Complex I via oxidative stress and suggests that sHsps
may protect Complex I as antioxidants, but NaCl damaged Complex II
directly. This is the first study to demonstrate that NaCl stress
differentially affects Complex I and II in plants and that protection
of Complex I and II during NaCl stress is achieved by different mechanisms.
1
This research was supported by the National
Science Foundation (grant to S.A.H.).
*
Corresponding author; e-mail hamiltone{at}wlu.edu; fax
315-443-2012.
© 2001 American Society of Plant Physiologists
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