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Plant Physiol, August 2001, Vol. 126, pp. 1579-1587
Harpin Induces Activation of the Arabidopsis Mitogen-Activated
Protein Kinases AtMPK4 and AtMPK6
Radhika
Desikan,
John T.
Hancock,
Kazuya
Ichimura,
Kazuo
Shinozaki, and
Steven J.
Neill*
Centre for Research in Plant Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences,
University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol BS16 1QY,
United Kingdom (R.D., J.T.H., S.J.N.); and Laboratory of Plant
Molecular Biology, RIKEN Tsukuba Institute, 3-1-1 Koyadai, Tsukuba,
Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan (K.I., K.S.)
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are key enzymes that
mediate adaptive responses to various abiotic and biotic stresses, including pathogen challenge. The proteinaceous bacterial elicitor harpin (secreted by Pseudomonas syringae pv
syringae) activates two MAPKs in suspension cultures of
Arabidopsis var. Landsberg erecta. In this study, we
show that harpin and exogenous hydrogen peroxide
(H2O2) activate myelin basic protein kinases in
Arabidopsis leaves. Using anti-AtMPK4 and anti-AtMPK6 antibodies, we
identify the harpin-activated MAPKs in both leaves and suspension
cultures as AtMPK4 and AtMPK6, and show that
H2O2, generated by Arabidopsis cells in
response to challenge with harpin, activates only AtMPK6. However,
treatments with catalase, which removes H2O2,
or diphenylene iodonium, which inhibits superoxide and
H2O2 production, do not inhibit harpin-induced
activation of AtMPK4 or AtMPK6. In addition, activation of AtMPK4 but
not AtMPK6 is inhibited by the MAPK kinase inhibitor PD98059. Neither
harpin nor H2O2 has any effect on
AtMPK4 or AtMPK6 gene expression. In
addition, the expression of AtMEKK1, AtMEK1, or AtMKK2, previously shown to be
potential functional partners of AtMPK4, were not affected by either
harpin or H2O2 treatments. These data suggest
that harpin activates several signaling pathways, one leading to
stimulation of the oxidative burst and others leading to the activation
of AtMPK4 or AtMPK6.
*
Corresponding author; e-mail Steven.Neill{at}uwe.ac.uk; fax
44-117-3442904.
© 2001 American Society of Plant Physiologists
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