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Plant Physiol, September 2001, Vol. 127, pp. 108-118
The Involvement of Two P450 Enzymes, CYP83B1 and CYP83A1, in
Auxin Homeostasis and Glucosinolate Biosynthesis1
Søren
Bak* and
René
Feyereisen
Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant Biology, and
Center of Molecular Plant Physiology, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural
University, 40 Thorvaldsensvej, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen,
Denmark (S.B.); Departments of Plant Sciences and Entomology,
University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721 (S.B., R.F.); and
Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre de
Recherches d'Antibes, 1283 Route de Biot, 06560 Valbonne, France
(R.F.)
The first committed step in the biosynthesis of indole
glucosinolates is the conversion of indole-3-acetaldoxime into an
indole-3-S-alkyl-thiohydroximate. The initial step in
this conversion is catalyzed by CYP83B1 in Arabidopsis (S. Bak, F.E.
Tax, K.A. Feldmann, D.A. Galbraith, R. Feyereisen [2001] Plant Cell
13: 101-111). The knockout mutant of the CYP83B1 gene
(rnt1-1) shows a strong auxin excess phenotype and are
allelic to sur-2. CYP83A1 is the closest relative to
CYP83B1 and shares 63% amino acid sequence identity. Although
expression of CYP83A1 under control of its endogenous promoter in the
rnt1-1 background does not prevent the auxin excess and
indole glucosinolate deficit phenotype caused by the lack of the
CYP83B1 gene, ectopic overexpression of CYP83A1 using a 35S promoter
rescues the rnt1-1 phenotype. CYP83A1 and CYP83B1
heterologously expressed in yeast (Saccharomyces
cerevisiae) cells show marked differences in their substrate specificity. Both enzymes convert indole-3-acetaldoxime to a
thiohydroximate adduct in the presence of NADPH and a nucleophilic thiol donor. However, indole-3-acetaldoxime has a 50-fold higher affinity toward CYP83B1 than toward CYP83A1. Both enzymes also metabolize the phenylalanine- and tyrosine-derived aldoximes. Enzyme
kinetic comparisons of CYP83A1 and CYP83B1 show that
indole-3-acetaldoxime is the physiological substrate for CYP83B1 but
not for CYP83A1. Instead, CYP83A1 catalyzes the initial conversion of
aldoximes to thiohydroximates in the synthesis of glucosinolates not
derived from tryptophan. The two closely related CYP83 subfamily
members therefore are not redundant. The presence of putative auxin
responsive cis-acting elements in the CYP83B1 promoter but not in the
CYP83A1 promoter supports the suggestion that CYP83B1 has evolved to
selectively metabolize a tryptophan-derived aldoxime intermediate
shared with the pathway of auxin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis.
1
This work was supported by The Human Frontier
Science Program (grant no. RG0280/1999M) and by the U.S. Department of
Agriculture (grant no. NRICGP 97 01472). S.B. was supported by The
Danish Veterinary and Agricultural Research Council (grant no. 970265) and by the Danish National Science Research Foundation.
*
Corresponding author; e-mail bak{at}kvl.dk; fax 45-35-28-
33-33.
© 2001 American Society of Plant Physiologists
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